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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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4051 | The state and private initiatives directed to the increase of financial literacy of citizens are being solved in different ways in many countries. For Russia an appeal to the international experience in improving financial literacy is very topical. The greatest interest represents foreign experience of those countries in which programs on financial literacy have proved the efficiency. The information-educational products directed to the increase of financial literacy of the population, are considered on an example of the USA and Poland, having interesting approaches and methodical materials. In the USA the projects and programs directed to increase of level of financial literacy of the population, are financed basically by a private sector with support of the state and public initiatives. Financial education in the USA is based on partnership of the organisations of all patterns of ownership and all levels of the power. In Poland state financing of such programs prevails. And the Central bank of the country is their initiator. Educational programs are constructed on the private-state partnership with consolidated financing of events for financial literacy. World experience is useful to Russia from the point of view of the organizational aspects, use of various techniques and educational resources. Keywords: world experience of financial formation, financial literacy, educational programs and projects, educational materials | 892 | |||||
4052 | The paper presents the results of involvement of future mathematics and physics teachers in independent scientific research activity in conditions of realization of competence approach. In the case of such approach the competence is a general capability which is checked and created in activities. It is based on knowledge and allows the person to establish connection between the system of actions for successful problem solution. During the educational process, the formation of elements of competencies at implementation of curriculum is carried out by means of maintenance of the studied subject. The course of the differential equations has great opportunities for forming of professional competencies of future teachers of mathematics and physics, however the existing education guidance, according to the theory of differential equations, are obviously not oriented to form the competencies. Besides modern development of technology, chemistry, biology, ecology, geography, economics and other sciences is impossible without the use of differential equations. The solutions of Clairaut-type equations with a special right-hand part found in the paper are a new result in the theory of partial differential equations. In turn the organization of independent scientific research in the framework of the course of differential equations promotes the main goal of professional competencies of future mathematics and physics teachers, namely forming the professional competencies being ready to use theoretical and practical knowledge in science and education. Keywords: differential equations, professional competencies | 892 | |||||
4053 | This article is devoted to the methodological and practical approaches to developing and implementing the electronic portfolios for learners as part of the electronic educational environment for managing the learning process. Based on the modern model of education in the pedagogical university, as well as on the federal state standard, the main sections of the system of the students’ electronic portfolio have been formulated, which describe the main educational, scientific and other achievements of the students. In addition, the functional capabilities of the software implementation of an example of the electronic portfolio, software architecture and the methodological approaches to working with the system have been substantiated. The application of the students’ electronic portfolios allows us to quickly obtain the information about the status of the main parameters of student activities and to stimulate them in different areas of the activities. The electronic portfolio contains the following main categories of users: students, dean’s staff and system administrators. Students contribute the main data array (achievements of different types), and employees of the dean’s office can view a list of students’ portfolios. The created e-portfolio system allowed teachers, TSPU staff and the departments of the university to form a picture of students’ achievements in the different fields of the activities, which is enough completed for analysis and decision making, and on the basis of information stored in the system, to assign scholarships of different levels as well as to calculate rating indicators, and, thus, to indirectly monitor the learning process. Keywords: electronic portfolio, educational achievements, educational process | 892 | |||||
4054 | The play The Days of the Turbins is usually studied in view of author’s and his characters’ political standings in the situation of the extremely dramatic change of government in Russia. The article analyzes the poetical manner of the play and finds out that the author used a wide variety of the expressive means, not just comical, but even slapstick. These slapstick elements can be found on the different levels and stages of the action: the play starts with obviously comical Nikolka’s «cook song» and ends with exceedingly passionate and comical, yet somewhat lyrical speaches by Lariosik. There is a system in use of the slapstick expressive means in description of authorities running away: from the implicit ones (the discussion of tsar by the drunk friends, singing Pushkin’s poem The Song of the Wise Oleg, rumors from Shervinsky about tsar’s return) to the explicit climactic slapstick scene in hetman’s palace. In the system of characters with use of means of comic not only Lariosik and Shervinsky’s images, but also Talberg are allocated: this not comic character is presented in a farcical situation of delay, replacement with another, in dialogue with repetitions, in zoomorfny assessment. The comic travesty of serious things, slapstick and drama in different forms and scales are considered in this article on the poetic manner in the play The Days of the Turbins as coexisting, contrasting, outlining, rejecting each other. The authors of the article believe that system manifestation of the slapstick poetic manner by the author of The Days of the Turbins shows to M. Bulgakov’s participation in that direction of creative search of theatrical vanguard of the 1920th years which was expressed in Mayakovsky’s dramatic art, Erdman - authors by Vs. Meyerkhold. Keywords: M. Bulgakov, The Days of the Turbins (Dni Turbinykh), action, poetic manner, expressive means, comical, travesty, explicit and implicit slapstick comedy means | 892 | |||||
4055 | The article deals with the process of teaching reading of English-language legal texts in educational establishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, which consists in targeting the professional needs of future employees of law enforcement agencies. Applying of the author to this topic is due to the fact that the process of teaching foreign language is associated with the formation of the ability to generate and interpret information in a foreign language in the process of professional activity, the need to read special literature and documents, to communicate with foreign colleagues on professional topics. The author pays close attention to the issues of taking into account the peculiarities of the legal text. The author defines the basic methods of removing difficulties when dealing with English-language legal literature, for example, by creating a bank of textual material and brief comments on individual terms and concepts. The text should serve to further develop skills of professionally-oriented reading in the specialty, as well as filling the vocabulary. The Anglo-Saxon system of law is a unique system that is based on completely different principles than the common law system. Acquaintance with its specifics within the framework of legal courses in the native language is practically absent and does not provide some acceptable extralinguistic basis for effective reading of English-language legal literature. Thus, in the process of reading, cadets should have a clear understanding of what exactly is being discussed, what place the problems discussed are in the system of law, law enforcement activities of foreign countries, etc., that is, it is oriented generally in the problems addressed in specific text that he reads. Keywords: legal literature, language specifics, language training, future profession, professional needs, legal text, educational establishments of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia | 892 | |||||
4056 | Afanasyeva A. S. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1997. Issue 1 (1). P. 40-44 . | 891 | |||||
4057 | Chumakova L. P. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1998. Issue 3 (6). P. 11-14 . | 891 | |||||
4058 | Milevskiy O. A. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 1 (10). P. 55-57 . | 891 | |||||
4059 | A model of a non-classic set theory is constructed and investigated In the framework of non-standard analysis. The theory of the model is similar to the Vopenka's Alternative Set Theory | 891 | |||||
4060 | . | 891 | |||||
4061 | The paper deals with the problem of teaching the foreign languages in Tomsk in XIX-XX centuries with cultural develop¬ment of Siberia and formation of social consciousness of the local population. Intensive teaching of the foreign languages in the Tomsk province dates back to foundation of the Tomsk University and an increase of secondary general and special edu¬cational institutions. | 891 | |||||
4062 | The article is devoted to the generalization of the main contradictions of the russian system of education/ These contradictions are viewed as discrepancy between the desire of the educational system to be static and the dynamic nature of the set goals/ This discrepancy is planned to be overcome within the framework of the synergetic paradigm which views self-organized systems as being able to change their goals and inner means of self-regulation. the prospects and difficulties of the realization of such an approach are stated. | 891 | |||||
4063 | N.V. Barkovskaya studies Andrei Belij's theoretical concep¬tion in 1920s in terms of his semantic interpretation of the exter¬nal sound and rhythm form of the language in poetry. | 891 | |||||
4064 | In the article we determine the contents, place and role of logistic analysis in the system of economic and management analysis. On the ground of integration connections of logistic analysis with the basic kinds of management analysis on the enterprise, we show the pre-conditions for fulfilling the integration function by logistic analysis. These pre-conditions come out from analysis of decomposition of the enterprise as a complex economic system. Keywords: economic analysis, financial analysis, management analysis, logistics, logistic analysis | 891 | |||||
4065 | The article presents theoretical-methodological and methodical bases of the author’s elective course “Ecological responsibility of the citizen of Russia” which is an important condition of realization of methodical system on students’ formation of ecological responsibility in geography education. Keywords: geography, ecological responsibility, elective course, approaches, individuality focused problems, responsible affairs. | 891 | |||||
4066 | We show that superconformal N = 2 transformation could be applied to the construction of the supersymmetric analogon of the reciprocal transformation. Due to it we present the connections between three different N = 2 supersymmetric extensions of the Korteweg de Vries equations with the three different N = 2 supersymmetric extension of the Harry Dym equation. Keywords: суперконформные преобразования, представление Лакса, суперсимметричные уравнения Кортевега-де Фриза и Гарри - Дыма | 891 | |||||
4067 | The article deals with the peculiar properties of the hierarchical system of comparison, including the specific functions of its components. The structure and semantics of comparative syntagmatic correlations as a means of fulfilling the above-mentioned functions have been analysed. Keywords: hierarchical system, general comparison, particular comparison, degrees of comparison, syntagmatic correlations | 891 | |||||
4068 | The article reviews the issue of developing the contents of a Business English course for technical learners. The author reveals the problem of the didactic potential and the adequate planning of the curriculum for the purpose of the successful integration of a prospective graduate into the business environment. Keywords: business English, communicative competence, cross-cultural competence, background knowledge, cognitive skills, organizational skills, curriculum planning | 891 | |||||
4069 | The abstract discusses the specifics of the design and assessed effectiveness of the competence-based educational program under andragogical practices. The differences between the appliance of competence-based approach in educational practices and human resource management are marked. Possibilities of application of models of competences for the assessment of productivity of the competence-based focused educational program are experimentally shown. Keywords: competence-based approach, competence, the competence-based educational program, andragogical practices, model of competencies | 891 | |||||
4070 | In the article it is investigated the little-studied side of church and social activity of Lev Tikhomirov, namely, his views on reforms of Russian parish in the beginning of XX century. The results of the research provide deeper understanding of church and social opinion of this thinker and give necessary material for comprehensive study of his works. Keywords: Russian Orthodox Church, parish reform, Pre-Council Committee | 891 | |||||
4071 | The article considers the model and method of formation of the technical univetsity student’ methodologically motivated and oriented interest in learning physics. On the basis of the examples of solving problems in electromagnetism and the application of its basic laws the article analyses the opportunities for the development of innovative thinking as a means to complete the objective types of training and engineering activity of students. Various options were considered and discussed problematic issues of its creation The scheme of the unipolar motor, developed by students and its various schemes are given and the problematic issues of its creation are discussed. Keywords: teaching physics, innovative thinking, scheme of students’ survey, problems of electromagnetism | 891 | |||||
4072 | Modern society is focused on improving the performance of both technical and humanitarian areas. Modern humanitarian technologies are used in the training, education, allowing you to optimize these processes. Research activities of the teacher is a necessary factor in his professional competence. This determines the need to improve this activity. The most successful methodological approach to solving this problem, the author believes praxiological, and one of the most important mechanisms visualization. These reserves were used by the author to develop and test educational course for master’s programs “Design and assessment of educational systems”. Visualization, a relatively new pedagogy methodology used in teaching undergraduates, allowed to achieve high performance training and trainees’ satisfaction. This methodological approach and visualization techniques can be used for other training courses. Keywords: research activities of the teacher, praxeological approach, visualization, educational program, result of research activity | 891 | |||||
4073 | The presented article is a part of study on the review of the modern genre identity hagiographic canon material on “The Life of the righteous elder Feodor of Tomsk” composed by abbot Siluanus (Vyurovym) (now bishop Kolpashevsky and Strezhevskoy). The considered work reflects the current stage of evolution of hagiographic genre and meet modern canonical genre and stylistic requirements of objectivity, faktologichnosti, conciseness, and the tendency to transfer the individual characteristic of the ascetic and not focus on agiotip. The greatest attention in this paper is given to studying the life of style, narrative principles of copyright and artistic means of creating an image of a saint. Keywords: hagiography, prologue being, holy, righteous, martyr, composition, author, style, canon, Orthodoxy | 891 | |||||
4074 | Theoretical and content aspects of the professional training essence of future economists for interaction with foreign partners are revealed. The necessity of professional training of future economists is grounded because at the moment it is one of the actual scientific, theoretical and applied problems of pedagogy. The purposes of students’ professional training of non-linguistic universities are considered. The specifics of improving their professional training are revealed. The concepts of professional and communicative competencies of future economists are revealed. Characteristics of the professional competence types are given which ensure the fundamentality of the training of future economists in accordance with the federal state standard of higher education. The necessity of forming these modern specialists’ competencies for their professional self-realization and interaction with foreign partners is grounded. The functional purpose of the course of teaching a foreign language as part of the general training of future specialists of a nonlinguistic institution is defined. The influence of a foreign language on improving the professional skills of future economists is substantiated. The structure of effective characteristics of their professional training is specified. The results of the conducted experiment on the evaluation of the success of students professional training and the level of the development of their professional skills are given. The factors influencing the preparation of qualified specialists in the field of economics are determined. Keywords: vocational training, language training, professional competence, communicative competence, interaction with foreign partners, foreign language | 891 | |||||
4075 | This article considers the cognitive approach to the study of metaphors in poetic discourse, which plays a dominant role in contemporary linguistics. The task of this study is to reveal the influence of the context on the choice of metaphors in poetic texts, to describe the types of contexts and to prove the necessity of contextual analysis in the study of poetic discourse. The article describes the method of getting from linguistic metaphorical expressions to the conceptual metaphor in five steps proposed by Gerard Steen. This method suggests using contextual as well as cotextual information to fill in the gaps in comparative structures of source and target domains. The results of the research show that poetic metaphors are created by means of elaboration, extension and questioning of universal conventional models stored in long-term memory or with the help of combinations of those conventional conceptual metaphors. The interpretational potential of conceptual metaphors depends on the external context, as well as on elements within author’s discursive space. We came to a conclusion that cognitive operations involved into the production of metaphors depend on physical, social and cultural situations. The findings of this research also confirm the hypothesis by Z. Kövecses that the system of conceptual metaphors forms a specific type of context, that is a conceptual-cognitive one. Keywords: conceptual metaphor, cognitive poetics, discourse, contextuality, Sylvia Plath | 891 | |||||
4076 | Language is an essential element of culture and it is possible to transfer cultural information via language. Meanwhile, cultural changes affect the development of the language elements such as grammar, pronunciation, vocabulary and usage. Therefore, the study of a culture cannot be complete without learning the language in which cultural codes are transmitted. Proverbs are an important part of the language. The contents include moral values, lifestyle, traditional culture and many other aspects. They demonstrate some ethnic cultural values, reflect the inner world of the people. There are many Chinese proverbs showing the traditional ideas of marriage and the right choice of a spouse. The family as a unit of society is an important carrier of continuity and the development of national culture. This article discusses the importance of family life and the meanings of marriage based on the analysis of some typical related Chinese proverbs. The characteristics and special features of Chinese traditional family and marriage values can be represented in these proverbs. The deep structure of the proverbs indicates the need to preserve stability and harmony in the family and marriage, which is one of the most crucial values identified and substantiated through long history. This paper suggests that traditional Chinese people have been paying great attention to the family life and quality of marriage. It emphasizes that when choosing a spouse, moral qualities were considered more seriously than outer appearance. Besides, the positions of the husband and wife should be roughly equal in terms of social classes, financial conditions and educational backgrounds. Proverbs conveys the traditional ideas that men take the leading and dominant roles in family life. By analyzing Chinese proverbs about marriage and family relationships, one can gain further understanding of the traditional Chinese view of marriage and love. In Chinese society at the beginning of the 21st century, traditional values are still the resources for people to develop the new concepts of relations between spouses and such research meets the requirements of the social development of modern society. Keywords: China, proverbs, culture, cultural values, family values, marriage concept, language mentality, linguistic and cultural analysis | 891 | |||||
4077 | . | 890 | |||||
4078 | . | 890 | |||||
4079 | Bryukhantseva I. V. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 1 (10). P. 20-24 . | 890 | |||||
4080 | Eremin L. P. . // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 1999. Issue 7 (16). P. 59-61 . | 890 | |||||
4081 | The influence of hypoxia and anoxia on protein metabolism in seedlings wheat and rice, which differ in steadiness to the studing factor, was analysed. Under anaerobic conditions the content of protein decreased. The effect of protein synthesis inhibitors (actinomycin D and cycloheximide) was investigated in aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The results of the proteins synthesis inhibitors experiments indicate that synthesis of some proteins takes place in conditions of transitory anoxia (1 day for wheat and 3 day for rice). | 890 | |||||
4082 | A combined model where the vertical impurity dis¬persal was calculated by means of a set of differential equations, such as equations of motion, turbulent dif¬fusion and heat conduction, while the horizontal dis¬persal was computed by a Gaussian model was used. The proposed model is complemented with as¬signed semi-empirical dependences for altitude varia¬tions of wind velocity, turbulent exchange coefficient, atmospheric temperature and turbulence statistics. The calculations done allowed us to estimate the pollution level for different meteorological conditions and pollu¬tion sources and provide recommendations as to how to reduce its disastrous effect on the environment. | 890 | |||||
4083 | The article is devoted to the problem of prediction of the economical parameters. The authors of the article consider that problem as a stochastic task. New criteria of optimization of prediction filter is offered and investigated | 890 | |||||
4084 | This article is a prolongation of a complex research of the notional category of abstractedness/concreteness by the example of the Selcup language. The article deals with the questions of the analogical transfers of denominations. Keywords: metonymy, semantic conglomeration, associative, concrete, abstract | 890 | |||||
4085 | This article deals with the problems connected with modern teenagers’ ability to work with text information. The analysis of senior schoolchildren’s creative works allows state a low level of their speech culture. We can see mechanical memorizing of texts, inability to work with a task and a speech production, which makes the necessity of constructing such a methodical system of handling the information in which certain knowledge and acquired experience permeate pupil’s own ideas and become sensible due to this. Using a literary text as a bearer of moral spirituality and as an example of a speech production will allow paying attention to the development of the ability to act and to think creatively, to make up original speech productions, to stimulate teenager’s speech culture during the process of teaching. Keywords: speech experience, perceiving, comprehending, text information, speech culture, texts, creative works, speech production | 890 | |||||
4086 | In this paper the author argues anagrammatical functioning of antroponym Balna for topic modelling of separate texts as well as the whole epos about Balna. A substantial extralinguistic material of ethnological character is applied. | 890 | |||||
4087 | The article is devoted to formation of technological culture of pupils in rural ungraded schools. Keywords: culture, technological culture, competence, creative skills, technologies of training. | 890 | |||||
4088 | The article shows the analyses of forecasting pedagogical situation taking into account the psychological characteristics of the persons participating in forecasting, eight obligatory steps of process of forecasting for realisation of the system approach in forecasting are allocated, four types of judiciousness are proved. Keywords: pedagogical forecasting, judiciousness type, tsystem approach, psychological characteristic. | 890 | |||||
4089 | We consider the simplest non-Abelian tensor gauge theory, which is called Freedman-Townsend model. Using the method of quantization of reducible theories we construct total action of the model under consideration. Also, following more convenient method for simple models we reproduce result which coincide with obtained above one. Keywords: тензорная калибровочная теория, метод Баталина-Вилковыского, приводимые теории, модель Фридмана-Таунсенда | 890 | |||||
4090 | New results referred to the fundamental theory of synchrotron radiation (SR) are to be presented. We thoroughly analyze the relation between the amount of radiation emitted by a scalar particle at the transitions to the rst excited state and to the ground state. Generalizing basic expressions we can follow the evolution of spectral maximum. It turns out there is a condition for radiation maximum to stay at highest harmonic. Keywords: synchrotron radiation; spectral maximum; quantum transitions | 890 | |||||
4091 | The article describes the contemporary experience of youth movement of volunteer organizations in Tomsk and Tomsk region. The article deals with the existing forms of civic upbringing, which assist in the development of social activity and patriotic qualities of rising generation. Keywords: social actions, youth initiatives, charity organizations, patriotic upbringing | 890 | |||||
4092 | The article deals with the conjunctions as if/as though functioning as markers of intellectual being presence. The conjunctions in question can introduce utterances describing situations that are not true. Keywords: concept, game, counterfactual modality, assumption, the seeming | 890 | |||||
4093 | The article deals with the national specifics of language space models and its significance in comparative Russian-Slovak aspect. Special attention is paid to the factor of geographical determinism and its role in the forming of national specific cognitive dominants of Russian and Slovak worldview. Above mentioned is illustrated with Russian and Slovak phraseology. Keywords: space models, linguistic worldview, cognitive dominant, conceptualization, categorization, Russian, Slovak | 890 | |||||
4094 | The article considers religious-cult topolexemes of the Selkup language. Cult lexemes as componential parts of toponyms are analyzed. The paper reveals possible reason for making a place sacred. The author researches mythological concepts of the Selkups. The fragment of the linguistic worldview is reconstructed. Keywords: endangered languages of Siberia, Selkup ethnos, the Selkup language, topolexemes, hydronyms, religious-cult lexis, mythology, worldview | 890 | |||||
4095 | The article covers special features of functioning of continuous education in Russia, the influence of institutional environment on the development of human resources in health care. Based on the analysis of the research data, the significance of the Institute of continuous education in the development of the socio-economic system is detemined. Keywords: human resources, system of continuous education, institutional conditions, transaction costs | 890 | |||||
4096 | The goal of this article is to reveal language formulas in the Khanty folklore on the basis of text analysis, to investigate the theory of formulas’ classification and to apply it to the described Khanty language formulas. The formulas may be considered a speech unit which is repeated in the same text or several different texts. In comparison with the fabulous formulas, the language formulas don’t depend on the folklore genre and can be found in different folklore texts. The investigation of these formulas allows obtaining the view of the language picture of the world and the archaic features of the Khanty mythology and religion preserved to the present. Keywords: Khanty, folklore, fairytale, language formulas | 890 | |||||
4097 | The review summarizes literary data on a problem of alcohol dependence among various ethnic groups of Russia and the world. The results of studies show the significant influence of ethnicity on the development of alcoholdependent behavior. Special attention is paid to studies of the characteristics of alcohol consumption by indigenous people of the Far North of Russia. The paper analyses the preconditions to the formation of alcohol dependence among ethnic groups in Northern populations. Acculturation and acculturative stress are designated as conditions conducive to the development of alcohol dependence among representatives of native populations. Ethno-culturally competence is identified as the main characteristics of the strategy for the treatment and prevention of substance use disorders among different ethnic groups. Keywords: ethnicity, ethnic groups, alcohol dependence, acculturative stress | 890 | |||||
4098 | This article is devoted to the problem of the language and culture connections. In the given article they describe the peculiarities of the interrelation of languages in the Republic of Kazakhstan (in particular, the Kazakh and Russian languages) which leads to forming a special language picture of the bilingual writer’s world (in our article he is Kazakh by nationality). In the work this type of the language picture of the world is called a contaminated language picture of the world, the specifics of which is naturally reflected in the fiction discourse of the writer. For illustration there are presented examples from fiction works of Kazakhstani modern writers. Keywords: language, culture, the language picture of the world, the Russian language, the Kazakh language, the second native language, a bilingual writer, the lexical level, a contaminated language picture of the world | 890 | |||||
4099 | Social integration of visually impaired people in the community is a complex and time-consuming task, especially with regard to children and adolescents. Resolving of this issue involves complex innovative research, bringing together medical, social, educational workers, specialists in adaptive physical culture and sport, recreation and so on. The importance of adaptive physical culture and adaptive sports for adolescents with different degrees of visual pathology and visual impairment can not be overstated. As it is known, in recent years the Paralympic Movement, in which people with different visual impairments can take part in sports competitions, has been actively developing. Goalball, as Paralympic sport is as accessible as possible for persons with severe pathology of eyesight, regardless of age and gender. Goalball Sport can be included in comprehensive rehabilitation of children and adolescents with visual deprivation. Keywords: Adaptive sports, adaptive physical education, comprehensive rehabilitation, visual deprivation, goalball, General physical training, social adaptation and integration | 890 | |||||
4100 | The paper is devoted to the issue of synonymy in terminology. Authors reveal the meaning of the notion “terminological synonymy”. They turn attention to the generalization of theories related to principles of synonymy in terminology. It’s known that there are different points of view on the existence of term-synonyms. In the paper such items as “synonym”, “doublet”, “variant” are analyzed by different linguists. Through the example of landscape study peculiarities of usage of synonyms in the Russian and German languages are shown to nominate different fragments of the linguistic world-image. Polylexical relations inside terminological systems are becoming more and more popular nowadays, and landscape study proves this fact. It should be emphasized that earlier such relations were considered as unacceptable. Keywords: synonymy, terminology, absolute synonym, doublet, variation, variants, terminology of landscape study | 890 |