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# | Article | Downloads | |||||
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851 | The article describes exercises using the names of city of Abakan at the Russian language lessons. The use of local language material can enhance students’ cognitive interest to study the regional characteristics of the Russian language. Keywords: regional lexicon, language norm, linguistic geography and culture, sociolinguistics, linguistic didactics, urbanonyms | 1082 | |||||
852 | In the article general characteristics and problems of innovations are considered, the term “innovationо is comprehended, the borders of use of categories “innovation”, “novation”, “new subject” are designated. Keywords: innovation, pedagogical innovations, innovations in education, educational innovations | 1082 | |||||
853 | Introduction. Virtual discourse is in constant motion and development, the discursive parameters have undergone significant changes over the past 10 years. The composition of internet genres is also unstable: the functions of genres change, the process of integration of different genres takes place, as well as differentiation – it is when we highlight many subtypes in the limits of one genre. In this article we are going to explore the genre of news meme, which is one of the varieties of Internet memes. The aim of this article is to describe the specifics of news meme as an Internet genre in comparison to the news genre. Materials and methods. During the analysis of material we used general scientific and proper linguistic methods of research, such as: descriptive method, comparative method, methods of interpretation and classification, method of continuous and differentiated sampling. The material for the study was the publications posted on the social network VKontakte (61 news memes). Results and discussion. The news meme was analyzed according to the model proposed by T. V. Shmeleva, a comparative analysis was conducted with the “news” genre: 1. The communicative aim of news meme is, as a rule, of negative kind, while the news genre is usually of informative kind. 2. The author of the news is a journalist and a professional. The author of the news meme is stylized as an ordinary person and a public opinion holder. There is no distance between the author of the news meme and the addressee. 3. The factor of the past for news is an event, which we have to report to the addressee. For a meme, the factor of the past is the text of the news. 4. The factor of the future is an optional element for news. News is an all-sufficient text. For a news meme, the future factor is a required element, presented in the form of comments. 5. Dictum for news genre is an event which happened in real world. Dictum for a news meme is social, economic and other problems associated with this event. As a rule, this connection is formal. 6. Formal organization. The structure of news meme has four parts: announcement of main news, link to the source, illustration and comments. The carnival beginning of the meme is realized in the illustration, where in an unexpected way it reveals what was stated in the announcement. Conclusion. After systemazing and generalizing the described parameters we can give the definition to the genre. News meme is a secondary Internet genre, which we base on the news text and which raises the acute social, political, ethical problems in an ironical form and which we stylize to the opinion of the masses of people. Keywords: Internet meme, Internet discourse, virtual discourse, news meme, Internet genre, secondary genre | 1082 | |||||
854 | One distinguishes two types of syntactic construction in the Khanty language: the active and the passive ones. In this article we study the peculiarities of their formation and use in the dialects of the Khanty language. This work is also concerned with the use of a noun (the agent) in the form of the locative in the “passive” construction, which can be explained by the influence of the category of definitiness/ indefinitiness typical of the Uralic languages. The results of the analysis of the “passive” prove its outstanding status in the Uralic languages. | 1081 | |||||
855 | Analyzing "Musorny Veter" and other works by A. Platonov in the article ""Musorny Veter" by A. Platonov: the debate with R. Decarte", K.A. Barsht comes to the conclusion that a writer-philosopher perceives the human consciousness as the "substance-energy" of self-developing matter, the main function of which is to produce, accumulate and distribute the energy of "thought-love" as one of the most valuable types of energy filling of Cosmos. | 1081 | |||||
856 | The paper outlines the relativization strategies employed by Eastern Khanty, an endangered underdescribed Finno-Ugric language spoken in Western Siberia. The notion of subordination employed here is confined mainly to morphosyntactic criteria such as clausal embedding and the use of non-finite verb-forms. The approach involves a synchronic analysis of structural patterns and functional-semantic features of relative clauses in the general functional theoretical framework. These syntactic constructions are also considered diachronically revealing the paratactic character of the Khanty complex sentences. The analysis is based on the Khanty narrative corpus, reference-grammars and dictionaries. The paper includes the analysis of morphosyntactic structures coding relative relations and other cases having different morphosyntactic manifestations, but the same underlying cognitive structure. | 1081 | |||||
857 | The author proved that the activity approach known as a system activity approach, i.e. system of composite activity, was proposed by E.G. Yudin. The author evokes a memory about E.G. Yudin who could unite many investigators for a composite work and was a leader of many scientific efforts which would have been impossible in philosophy without his ideas and enthusiasm Keywords: recollections about E.G. Yudin, activity approach, system-activity approach, system of collective activity | 1081 | |||||
858 | The information about this can be useful when reading the lectures on the general physics and for the course «The Concept of modern natural sciences». In the article the nuclear reactions applied in neutron – capture therapies (NCT) for treatment are considered, and also the examples of hi-tech processes for manufacture of radioactive isotopes necessary for these purposes at factories of Russia are resulted. It is offered to use the given information for active studying of physics and solving basic contradiction of discrepancy, consciousness and recourses in pedagogical science. Keywords: the problem-focused approach, information-communication technologies in training physics, internet resources in training physics | 1081 | |||||
859 | In the article results of empirical research of manifestations of emotional burning out at various categories of teachers are presented. Emotional burning out is defined as structural personal education that allows considering this phenomenon in the aspect of the phenomenon of professional deformation. Keywords: personality, behavior, professional deformation, emotional burning out, specifics of professional activity | 1081 | |||||
860 | The sculpture of the ancient inhabitants of Western Siberia was studied in order to identify the origins of the iconography of the image of bear in the cultic repoussage of the Kulai community of the early Iron Age. It was established that the figurines of a bear standing on four paws, and the image of the beast’s head are genetically related to similar types of the sculpture that appeared in the Neolithic Era. The images of a bear standing on its hind paws became popular on the eve of the Iron Age under the influence of the forest-steppe ethnocultural impacts. The partial images are undergoing the process of rearchaization and form compositions known as a bear in the «sacrificial posture». Iconographic types reflect different semantic layers, representing, in particular, social symbols. Keywords: the Neolithic Era, the Bronze Age, the early Iron Age, the Rulai cultural-historical community, the images of bear, symbol, Western Siberia | 1081 | |||||
861 | In this article are analyzing the main ways of the pedagogical education organization. The chief result of the author’s theoretical research presents the innovation model which includes the structure, principles and technology of constructing the standart of special pedagogical education | 1080 | |||||
862 | The ancient Indo-European system of noun declension was based on the division of substantives into groups according to the stem-building suffix. The ancient division of all objects of reality into two big classes (animated vs. inanimated) was reflected in the system of noun declension in the ancient Indo-European. The ground for grouping nouns into different types of declension was the common semantic principle of the ancient stem-building suffixes. Ancient substantives were semantically united on the basis of their treatment by the ancient people according to their role and place in the surrounding reality. Keywords: ancient Indo-European system of noun declension, stem-building suffix, semantic principle, category of animateness / inanimateness, gender differentiation, ethnocultural importance | 1080 | |||||
863 | The statistic data of bankruptcies and the dynamics of gross national product are analyzed in the article, an attempt of revealing their interrelation is undertaken. The Russian bankruptcy system is impacted by institutional factors, not by macroeconomic ones. Keywords: bankruptcy institute, an economic crisis, dynamics of gross national product | 1080 | |||||
864 | The problem of gender peculiarities of speech aggressiveness is regarded on associative, textual, and dialogic levels. It is underlined that the speech aggressiveness has specific peculiarities connected with various psychological mechanisms of speech functioning, language consciousness, and individual peculiarities of speech codes of a language personality. It is concluded that the degree of the manifestation and the form of the speech aggressiveness is conditioned by sociocultural factors. The object of the research presented below is the peculiarity of masculine and feminine aggressive discourse represented in oral and written speech of a man. | 1079 | |||||
865 | In this paper the information spam is considered as one of superfluity’s manifestation. Parasite words as language resources of information spam are analysed. Factors of parasite words’ appearance and its peculiarities depending on social communication and the strategies of communication’s participants are indicated. | 1079 | |||||
866 | In operation the attempt of a substantiation of the approach gives, on the basis of which enables of the rigorous description of information systems gaining and handling the information as fashions. Each information system can be divided into two basic parts – passive and fissile. The passive part is plurality of fashions included in a composition of information system, which by her are handled and are stored in it. The fissile part consists of material structures of information system – functionals, which are engaged in processing of fashions. Such approach termed by iconodynamics, in particular, enables for the description of information processes in mentality of the man and animal. | 1079 | |||||
867 | The paper is aimed at grounding egalitarism and social stratification as costruction social problems, through application communicative and fenomenology methods. | 1079 | |||||
868 | N. R. Erdman’s early comedy scripts are analyzed in the context of his works of the 1920s. Erdman’s early screenwriting as well as his plays was based upon contemporary social problems. Later on Erdman began to avoid depicting present-day reality and creating pure comedies. However, his late scripts don’t only contain comic and satirical elements, they are truly based upon them – as well as “The Warrant”, “The Suicide” and Erdman’s early scripts are. Keywords: Erdman, scripts, film comedy, Mariengof, Mass | 1079 | |||||
869 | First geological knowledge was incorporated into the Russian school education in the 18th century. Geological excursions have great educational potential. They reveal the philosophical basis of geological knowledge, increase the level of teaching the subject «Geography» and are of interest to their homeland. In the suburbs of the city of Tomsk in the garden “Lagerny Sad” students could study natural objects and processes, the formation of which began approximately 360–340 million years ago and still continues nowadays. Keywords: school geological excursions, area of the Lagerny Sad, rock of the base and a cover of the West-Siberian plate, residual soil, geological activity of the river and superficial fluid waters, the influence of the anthropogenic factor | 1079 | |||||
870 | The paper ascertains the fact that modern school keeps the one-sided character of mastering by students of integral social and cultural experience which is formed mainly as a knowledge component. The paper considers the attempts of Russian scientists of education of the Soviet and post-Soviet stages of socio-economic development of Russian society, to deduce the content of education from a knowledge paradigm. As examples the paper considers the concepts of the content of general education by V. V. Krayevsky and I. Ya. Lerner, V. S. Lednev and M. S. Kagan, the content of general education in the paradigm of developmental education (L. V. Zankov, V. V. Davydov, B. D. Elkonin), person-centred education (V. S. Iliin, V. V. Serikov), competence building approach (V. A. Bolotov, V. V. Serikov, A. V. Khutorskoy). The article discusses the definitions of the terms «competence» (as a combination of the person’s knowledge, skills and experience in a certain sphere, which provides the ability to perform certain functions) and «competency» (a person’s possession of a complex of such combinations, which provide a wider sphere and abilities of functioning for the person). The paper provides the formulation of the concept «research competency» of the student as a component of the content of general education; investigates the ways and means of forming the research competence of schoolchildren; identifies the interrelation between the concepts of the «research competence» and the «metasubject» content of general education. Keywords: general education content, the “knowledge” paradigm of education content, competence building approach, competence, competency, metasubject, research competency | 1079 | |||||
871 | The history of the Edinoverie parish, discovered in the Elanskaya volost of Tyukalinsky district of the Tobolsk province at the beginning of the 20th century, is analyzed. The previously unknown archival documents, stored in the State archives of the Omsk region, revealing features of the inner life of the youngest in Western Siberia Edinoverie Parish. In the historical period under review, its territory was located at the junction of the Tobolsk and Tomsk provinces and dioceses, in the conditions of an ethno-confessional intersection. Relations between Orthodox, cobelievers and old believers are considered. The theoretical significance of studying this problem is important in the conditions of the revival of the Old Believer parishes within the framework of the Russian Orthodox Church. The practical importance of the study is determined by the high interest of Russians and residents of other countries to identify their ancestors, compile genealogical trees and family histories. The main attention in the work is given to the analysis of the metric books of this parish, comparison of the tasks of the existence of the same faith and real practice on the example of particular parish. The facts and conclusions reflected in the article are a part of the work already carried out by the author on the integration of the data of Edinoverie, Orthodox and Jewish registers relating to the territory of the Elanskaya volost. Keywords: Edinoverie, Old Belief, Orthodoxy, parish registers, rituals, baptism, wedding, guidance, genealogy, Siberia, Tobolsk province, Omsk diocese, anti-schismian mission | 1079 | |||||
872 | The article regards approaches to the interpretation of the semantics of denominal adjectives. One of the issues is to draw a demarcation line between the relational and qualitative adjectives that are the results of different types of derivation – syntactic and lexical. Another issue is to describe all possible types of denominal adjective contextual meanings and to regard the factors that determine their realization – formal-semantic and cognitive. | 1078 | |||||
873 | The question “What does it mean to know?” is becoming extremely important for modern philosophy. In the article the knowledge is analyzed as a product of postnonclassycal science. It studies the question how the nature of the knowledge changes in connection with the development of the new postnonclassycal paradigm of science. What means to know when we are talking about cognition of complex selfdeveloping systems, including a man, that is the object of postnonclassycal science. The peculiarities of social and cultural being on the whole and specific character of the modern stage of scientific dynamics influence the transformation of knowledge. The knowledge in postnonclassycal science entails not the absoute truth, but the social importance. | 1078 | |||||
874 | The problems of forming teacher’s competitiveness in modern society are discussed in this article. The possibilities of showing competitiveness, the matter of pedagogical education are analyzing here; the process of forming competitiveness of the future teacher in the University is characterized in the article too. The author of the article underlines the main strategies of this process and shows relevant pedagogical principles. Keywords: competitiveness, competence, matter of education, professional training, integration. | 1078 | |||||
875 | International students, who get into a different cultural and historical setting, are in contact with the history, culture and traditions of the country through the study of language, which, on the one hand, is their means of communication, on the other hand, are the most important source of information about the country. Using excursions to cultural centres (museums, exhibitions, walking around the city, historical sites) of Tula and Tula region contributes to a more close contact of international students with Russian environment. Keywords: the communicative competence, social and cultural background, national and regional component | 1078 | |||||
876 | This article deals with the history of the adoption of the law on private education. There was marked the contributions to the development of the L. I. Lavrentyeva – trustee of the West Siberian educational district. The author presents the analysis of the activities of the Ministry of education and the State Duma of the third convocation in discussing the draft law on private education. Keywords: the rules about private education, Leonid Ivanovich Lavrentiev, the Ministry of national education, Third-Call State | 1078 | |||||
877 | The article provides empirical evidence on the values and aspects of their implementation in women undergoing mid-life crisis. It analyses psychological conditions of structural transformation of mid-life crisis in women. Keywords: midlife crisis, women, self-actualization, values, and the scope of implementation, positive transformation, image of the world, way of life | 1078 | |||||
878 | In the article the author considers characteristics of the public danger of illegal drug and psychotropic agent’ circulation crimes. Among them: 1) drug addict becoming of people living in certain areas, 2) harm for the health of a drug addict person, 3) destabilization of the economics and social life. | 1077 | |||||
879 | The article represents some items of teaching process efficiency theory, complex model of teaching process efficiency improving for students of technical colleges and institutes of higher education and the results of its approbation. Keywords: Pedagogical conditions of using automatic means of students’ cognoscible activities | 1077 | |||||
880 | The article considers various methods to control the cognitive activities of the addressee in M. I. Veller’s interview at ‘Ekho Moskvy’ radio station. The research is based on regulativity theory methods developed in communicative stylistics of the text. Keywords: regulativity, regulativity methods, media discourse, interview, language personality | 1077 | |||||
881 | The article discussed the role of civil self-organization in the process of social responsibility economic actors in Russia. It is described the requirements for social groups, presents approaches to evaluating the effectiveness of spontaneous self-organization. An assessment of the current state of civil self-organization in Russia is carried out. The author comes to the conclusion that there are some elements of local social capital in Russia, she justifies the need for expanding the boundaries of trust networks with the active participation of the state. Keywords: civil society, social responsibility, trust networks, social capital, Russian features | 1077 | |||||
882 | The article examines the usage and origin of slang in medical terminology. Psychological, ethical and law aspect of the usage of slang in medical society are analyzed. As a result, conclusions about the reasons of medical slang usage, consequences of its development and adaptation are made. Keywords: medical slang, bioethics, medicine | 1077 | |||||
883 | This article reviews the results of relevant studies conducted in the latest research works of Russian linguistics and devoted to the linguistic specificity of Internet communication as a subject of Internet linguistics. The article also touches upon various actual approaches to the general definition of the concept of Internet communication and summarizes the results of a number of works related to the study of specific linguistic features of some certain genres of the Internet communication. The author pays special attention to the important stylistic characteristics and structure of popular within Internet users and researchers genres including “forum”, “blog” and “chat”. Keywords: Internet linguistics, Internet communication, genres, phatic communication, communicative hedonism | 1077 | |||||
884 | The article describes the method of working with the linguistic dictionaries of different types in elementary school. The importance of this topic is conditioned by the need to develop verbal-logic thinking of junior schoolchild, which is impossible without a sufficient amount of words - operators of cognitive processes. For this reason, an important place in the new standards for primary education is given to training to work with dictionaries. The authors point to the factors affecting the formation of skills of work with dictionaries, namely: teachers do not form the conditions under which a child should use a dictionary; teachers do not have sufficient preparation for such work; There are no reasonable technologies for working with dictionaries. Meanwhile, the ability to use reference books is a universal educational action, every student should have this ability. The ratio of the dictionary and the information contained in it to the value, knowledge of dictionaries of various types, and how each of them can be considered is a manifestation of this ability. In this regard the authors identify phases of work with dictionaries in primary school, the conditions of effectiveness of this work, describe the set of learning actions with dictionaries. Requirements for modern dictionary for a junior schoolchild include, in particular, quantity limitation, the actual structure of the Glossary, a close connection with the educational-methodical complex used in this class. Special attention is paid to the methods of work with monolingual, spelling and orthoepic dictionaries, which are basic for junior schoolchild. Keywords: primary school, metasubject results, learning skills, linguistic dictionaries, methods of work with the dictionary, features of dictionaries of different types, dictionaries for primary school children | 1077 | |||||
885 | The article is devoted to studying the functional assimilation of the words of foreign origin in the Russian language using the Tomsk literary monuments of the XVII Century. The general collocations of borrowings are considered in connection with their semantic, morphological and syntactical peculiarities as their movement to the implementation of collocation potentials of native Russian words. | 1076 | |||||
886 | Adolescence crisis (pubertal period) in school education practice is synchronised with the transition from the primary stage of education to the secondary one. Which is perceived by schoolchildren as a stressful process. This complex creates a very unfavourable back-ground for the further formation and development of teenager’s personalities and can provoke different complications, including psychological deviations. Studies of this problem made it possible to separately assess this crises on pact as well as on complex. Experiments’ results allowed to distinguish four system factors that characterise endogenic (genetic) causes as well as the role of pubertal and school crises and their synchronisation in the processes of adaptation and deadaptation at this age. | 1076 | |||||
887 | The article gives a scientific and practical insight into the system of conducting Teachers Professional Competitions in Kemerovo region (Russia). The author analyzes and shares experience of Kuzbass Regional In-Service Teacher Training Institute in organizing such competitions and gives practical advice. The article will be beneficial both for organizers of the Teachers Professional Competitions and the participants as it offers special recommendations and manuals | 1076 | |||||
888 | In work are presented results to approbations to mathematical model calculation hydrograph of spring high water on timber and waterlogging catchments on method D.A. Burakov. Their are offered its modifications, taking into account particularities of the processes of landscape, running on surfaces of catchment and in its of streamming network. On example 6 small rivers are shown capacity to work this model and is determined borders to its applicability. Keywords: waterlogging catchment, afforesttation, hydrograph of spring high water, water yield, quality of the forecast, водность year, volume of the high water, layer of the sewer, micro landscape , reach travel curve, optimization, water balance | 1076 | |||||
889 | This article examines the impact of physical training and sports development upon the emotional sphere of teenagers’ personality. The possibility of overcoming anxiety, aggression involved in physical culture and sport; as well as the formation of well-being and activity of teenagers at the lessons and training. Keywords: emotional sphere of teenager’s personality, anxiety, aggression, mood | 1076 | |||||
890 | The results of enzyme activity in peat deposits of eutrophic bog Tagan in natural and anthropogenic conditions are described. It was stated that in the anthropogenically transformed deposits there are more active hydrolysis of carbohydrates, with the participation of invertase. In the natural peat deposits more intense humification processes of organic matter. Keywords: peat deposit, enzymes, biochemical activity, agrosilviculture | 1076 | |||||
891 | The author research the social and psychological factors that determine violent juvenile delinquency. Among them: negative influence of the environment, violence to the juvenile, disadvantages in the educational institutions and leisure centers for children. | 1075 | |||||
892 | The article continues the study of morphosyntax problems in the Chuvash language. The functionality of the postpositions in the complex sentences is considered in the given article. Special attention paid to the lexicogrammatical relations between main and dependent clauses. Keywords: the Chuvash language, morphosyntax, grammar, functionality, postposition, complex sentence. | 1075 | |||||
893 | Innovative approaches in teaching high school students to provide the first aid are considered in the article. The proposed approaches involve complex application of different methods, techniques, and training tools in the teaching process. The students also obtain theoretical knowledge and practical skills that they master themselves after the teacher demonstrations using an algorithm recorded by teacher on audio media. Innovative approaches allow one to create a new educational technology that enhances learning of high school students to provide the first aid in emergency situations. Keywords: emergency, first aid, teaching methods, algorithm of the first aid | 1075 | |||||
894 | The demand of the state for the formation in children the sense of participation in the Russian history and culture is now solved by the system of education, including the Additional Education. As an effective form of extracurricular work, it is a favorable sphere for the co-creation of a child and a teacher in the formation of the culture of pupils. The culture of the Mezenskiy region and the struggle of the Russian people for the preservation of the originality of the painting of the North of Russia are considered. The role of traditional writing while studying the subjects of culture is noted as a way of understanding the art culture of the North of Russia, the way of transferring the national traditions to the next generations for the progress of human culture. The purpose of the complex of classes on “Mezenskaya Painting” is to develop the artistic culture among the students of the Children’s Art School. The tasks of the classes, the content of the study assignment, the results of mastering the knowledge of the students in the sections of the topic under consideration are presented. The activity aspect of studying a topic is considered as the basis for involvement of students in creativity, developmet of the ability to create compositions based on the Northern painting in question. The stages of comprehension by the students of the topic, the solution of teaching, developing and educating tasks are presented. The results of testing of the students at the beginning and the end of the study of the topic are presented. There is a dynamic in cognition, development of students. It is noted that the study of the topic promotes the development of the artistic culture of students. The fulfillment of the task of this topic also contributes to the formation of creative abilities, artistic taste of students and is a feasible contribution of the younger generation in preserving the traditions of the mezenskaya painting and its popularization. Keywords: development of artistic culture, additional education of children, continuity of generations, arts and crafts, students of the Children’s Art School, a set of practical exercises, a composition of the mezenskaya painting | 1075 | |||||
895 | The aim of this article is to analyze the synonymous relations of the English adjectives “fresh” and “new” from the point of view of cognitive linguistics. | 1074 | |||||
896 | In the article the author gives the concept of personification considerations of Russian history by academician A.D. Sakharov. The article is written on materials of the A.D. Sakharov’s Public archive. It is interesting that the author considers that the KGB and the CC of CPSU recognized the society right to opposition judgments of events occurring in the country as it would be a mistake to think, that this thinking might seriously threaten the political formation of the country. The political opponent of the Soviet government was close to the public opinion in the country. Otherwise these people would not have had the prestige of “the ideological opponent” of bureaucracy. | 1074 | |||||
897 | This article examines questions of the special training of social teachers for the fulfillment of professional responsibilities. The professional portrait of social worker is built on the basis of different classifications of social types | 1074 | |||||
898 | The article is devoted to analysis of ingratiation which means all the methods used to simulate other people’s perception of one’s personality. Ingratiation also lets to attract somebody’s attention, to satisfy all needs and to benefit. Ingratiation is becoming the essential part of everyday communication. The criterion able to distinguish between ingratiation and other behaviour model is a fact of breaking norms and rules of interaction. Ingratiation is a type of manipulating behaviour that is aimed to form positive reaction to own personality. Forms of ingratiation depend on a position of a person in social hierarchy Keywords: ingratiatsiya, criteria of ingratiatsiya, process of interhuman communication, manipulate behavior, forms of ingratiatsiya behavior | 1074 | |||||
899 | The given paper presents tendencies of modernization of general education content in Great Britain which is closely related to profilization of school education. In the article changes and supplementations to the UK National Curriculum are considered. Keywords: content of education, profilization, modernization, National Curriculum, work-related learning, careers education, Great Britain | 1074 | |||||
900 | The article discusses issues related to the use of computer technology on the lessons of the geometry and the role of visual thinking in this process. The survey of the most popular computer programs on geometry. Based on the analysis of psychological-pedagogical and educational literature the author proposes to consider an electronic textbook on Stereometry. It is based on the visual presentation of information. Keywords: geometry, stereometry, visualization, electronic textbook, computer technologies, visual thinking | 1074 |