“Vypechka” (pastries) and “molochka” (dairy products): vectors of language changes
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2023-6-85-93
The article is devoted to the active processes in modern speech, such as massive spread of univerbated words and verbal nouns. These phenomena can be seen in various lexical forms derived with different suffixes. The data used in the article is verbal nouns derived with suffix -k- (vypechka, zapivka, moika, perenoska) and univerbated words with homonymous suffix (molochka, sotsialka, veterinarka, nulevka). These two groups of words are involved in active lexical and semantic variation processes. The data source is explanatory and word-formation dictionaries, The Russian National Corpus, latest fiction texts, colloquial speech recordings. Results and discussion. The lexicon dynamics is largely determined by two processes – on the one hand, by the wide expansion of verbal nouns with typical metonymic meaning transfer in this lexical group, on the other hand, by the extreme spread of univerbated words, especially in colloquial speech. The regular word-formation models correspond to regular metonymic meaning transfer. Univerbation as a means of folding multiple-word structures represents a compressive word-formation characteristic of colloquial speech. Lexical meaning dynamics is reflected in explanatory dictionaries that represent vocabulary of various historical periods. Some univerbated words are placed firmly in literary language (elektrichka, morekhodka, zachetka), as well as the other have recently appeared in colloquial speech (sanktsionka, udalenka). Lately appearing special dictionaries of univerbated words provide rich material for this phenomenon study both in synchrony and in diachrony. What is of particular interest is the use of verbal nouns and univerbated words with the homonymous suffix in modern fiction, where various forms of author’s reflection are observed. The conducted research has shown the communicative significance of two processes – the formation of verbal nouns and univerbated words with the homonymous suffix. The appeal to lexicographic publications shows a typical mechanism of lexical and semantic variation associated with the speaker’s desire to convey different thoughts concisely or to denote new realities with a single lexeme.
Keywords: compressive word-formation, verbal nouns, univerbated words, metonymy, usus, language fashion
References:
1. Novikov V. Slovar’ modnykh slov. Yazykovaya kartina sovremennostii [Dictionary of fashionable words. The linguistic picture of modernity]. Moscow, Slovari 21 veka Publ., 2019. 352 p. (in Russian).
2. Vepreva I. T., Mustayoki A. Kakoye ono, modnoye slovo: k voprosu o parametrakh yazykovoy modyfikatsii [What is it, a fashionable word: on the question of the parameters of language fashion]. Russkiy yazyk za rubezhom – Russian Language Abroad, 2006, no. 2 (28), pp. 45–62 (in Russian).
3. Fedorova L. L. Moda v yazyke i kommunikatsii [Fashion in language and communication]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 9. Filologiya – Bulletin of Moscow University. Ser. 9. Philology, 2012, no. 2, pp. 220–229 (in Russian).
4. Kostomarov V. G. Nash yazyk v deystvii: ocherki sovremennoy russkoy stilistiki [Our Language in Action: Essays on Modern Russian Stylistics]. Moscow, Gardariki Publ., 2005. 287 p. (in Russian).
5. Shcherbakova N. N. Morfemnaya i semanticheskaya derivatsiya v protsesse yazykovoy igry [Morphemic and semantic derivation in the course of a language game]. Lingvistika kreativa-2. Pod obshchey redaktsiyey professora T. A. Gridinoy [Linguistics of creativity-2. Under the general editorship of prof. T. A. Gridina]. Ekaterinburg, Ural State Pedagogical University Publ., 2012. Pp. 259–271 (in Russian).
6. Rol’ chelovecheskogo faktora v yazyke. Yazyk i kartina mira [Role of the human factor in language. Languages and picture of the world]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. 216 p. (in Russian).
7. Zemskaya E. A. Sovremennyy russkiy yazyk. Slovoobrazovaniye. 3-e izdaniye, ispravlennoye i dopolnennoye [Contemporary Russian. Word formation]. Moscow, Flinta, Nauka Publ., 2011. 328 p. (in Russian).
8. Valgina N. S. Aktivnyye protsessy v russkom yazyke [Active processes in the Russian language]. Moscow, Logos Publ., 2003. 304 p. (in Russian).
9. Norman B. Yu. Grammatika govoryashchego [Speaker Grammar]. Saint Petersburg, SPbGU Publ., 1984. 228 p. (in Russian).
10. Apresyan Yu. D. O regulyarnoy mnogoznachnosti [On regular polysemy]. Izvestiya AN SSSR. Otdeleniye literatury i yazyka. Tom XXX. Vyp. 6 [Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Department of Literature and Language. Vol. XXX. Iss. 6]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1971. Pp. 509–523 (in Russian).
11. Lakoff D., Dzhonson M. Metafory, kotorymi my zhivem: perevod s angliyskogo. Pod redaktsiyey i s predisloviyem A. N. Baranova [Metaphors we live by. Translation from English. Edited and with a foreword by A. N. Baranov]. Moscow, Editorial URSS Publ., 2004. 256 p. (in Russian).
12. Chernikova N. V. Metafora i metonimiya v aspekte sovremennoy neologii [Metaphor and metonymy in the aspect of modern neology]. Filologicheskiye nauki – Philological Sciences, 2001, no. 1, pp. 82–90 (in Russian).
13. Antropova l. I. Variativnost’ yazykovoy normy [Variability of the language norm]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University, 2013, no. 35 (326), pp. 8–10 (in Russian).
14. Tolkovyy slovar’ russkoy razgovornoy rechi. Otvetstvennyy redaktor L. P. Krysin [Explanatory dictionary of Russian colloquial speech]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoy kul’tury Publ., 2004. 776 p. (in Russian).
15. Slovar’ russkogo yazyka: v 4 tomakh. Pod redaktsiyey A. P. Evgen’yevoy [Dictionary of the Russian language: in 4 volumes. Ed A. P. Evgenyeva]. Moscow, Russkiy yazyk: Poligrafresursy Publ., 1999. Vol. 1. 702 p. (in Russian).
16. Dozorova D.V. Univerbatsiya kak aktivnyy protsess sovremennogo slovoproizvodstva [Univerbation as an active process of modern word production]. Russkiy yazyk v shkole – Russian Language at School, 2013, no. 11, pp. 29–34 (in Russian).
17. Sokolovskaya T. D. Aktivnyye protsessy v sovremennom russkom yazyke (univerbatsiya, kondensatsiya i drugiye sokrashcheniya) [Active processes in modern Russian (univerbation, condensation and other abbreviations)]. Moscow, Pushkin State Russian Language Institute Publ., 2004. 154 p. (in Russian).
18. Tolkovyy slovar’ russkogo yazyka. Pod redaktsiyey D. N. Ushakova [Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Language. Ed D. N. Ushakov]. Moscow, OGIZ Publ., 1935–1940. Vol. I–IV. 88405 p. (in Russian).
19. Efremova T. F. Novyy slovar’ russkogo yazyka: tolkovo-slovoobrazovatel’nyy [New dictionary of the Russian language: explanatory and derivational]. Moscow, Russkiy yazyk Publ., 2000. Vol. 1–2. 1242 p. (in Russian).
20. Van Tsinsyan. Russkiye neologizmy-univerby: sposoby obrazovaniya, semantika, osobennosti funktsionirovaniya. Avtoref. dis. kand. filol. nauk [Russian neologisms-univerbs: methods of formation, semantics, features of functioning. Abstract of thesis cand. philol. sci.]. Saint Petersburg, 2016. 18 p. (in Russian).
21. Slovar’ russkogo yazyka koronavirusnoy epokhi. Otvetstvennyy redaktor M. N. Priyomysheva [Dictionary of the Russian language of the coronavirus era]. Saint Petersburg, 2021. 550 p. (in Russian).
22. Osipova L. I. Novyye slova v russkom yazyke. Suffiksal’nyye univerby zhenskogo roda s suffiksom -k(a): slovar’-spravochnik po materialam pressy i literatury 60–90-kh godov [New words in Russian. Suffixal feminine univerbs with the suffix -k(a): Dictionary-reference book on press materials and literature. 60–90s]. Moscow, 2000. 230 p. (in Russian).
23. Ustimenko I. A. Slovar’ semanticheskikh kondensatov russkogo yazyka. Leksiko-slovoobrazovatel’nyy [Dictionary of semantic condensates of the Russian language. Lexical and derivational]. Voronezh – Belgorod, 2004. 272 p. (in Russian).
24. Khimik V. V. Slovar’ yazykovoy ekonomii: “odno slovo vmesto dvukh” [Dictionary of Language Economy: “One word instead of two”]. Saint Petersburg, MIRS Publ., 2014. 203 p. (in Russian).
25. Klimenko G. V., Markov E. M. Slovar’ univerbatov sovremennogo russkogo yazyka [Dictionary of Univerbats of the Modern Russian Language]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2019. 112 p. (in Russian).
26. Golanova E. I. Mnogoznachnost’ suffiksal’nykh univerbov i yeyo otrazheniye v TSRR [The polysemy of suffixal univerbs and its reflection in the Explanatory Dictionary of Russian Colloquial Speech]. Trudy Instituta russkogo yazyka im. V. V. Vinogradova – Proceedings of the V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute, 2019, no. 2, pp. 31–36 (in Russian).
27. Belikov V. I. Chuvaki unyvayut, ili Real’nyy sposob konkretno otslezhivat’ dinamiku uzusa [Dudes get discouraged, or a real way to specifically track the dynamics of the usus]. Moda v yazyke i kommunikatsii [Fashion in language and communication]. Moscow, RSUH Publ., 2014. 341 p. (in Russian).
28. Pakhomov V. Molochka, konditerka, elitka, kantselyarka… Pochemu nas razdrazhayut takiye slova? [Milk, confectionery, elite, stationery... Why do we get annoyed by such words?]. Moscow, Gorodets Publ., 2021. Pp. 158–159 (in Russian).
Issue: 6, 2023
Series of issue: Issue 6
Rubric: RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
Pages: 85 — 93
Downloads: 184