THE ROLE OF TATARS IN DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE PEOPLE OF TURKESTAN AND KAZAKH STEPPE (THE END OF XIX – BEGINNING OF XX CENTURIES)
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2017-8-126-130
The article presents activities of the Tatars in the development of the education of the people of Turkestan. First of all it was expressed in creation of schools for Tatars, including the Jadid’s madrassas, attended by representatives of other peoples. Training was on the books of the Tatar authors – S. Maksudi, R. Fakhrutdinov, H.Zabirov. National schools for the local people were organized under the leadership of the Tatar enlighteners. They participated in preparation of textbooks in the languages of the local people and teaching staff for national schools. The Tatars spreaded Muslim customs and traditions, brought Muslim culture in the steppe. Jadid’s schools opened by tatars have sustained the competition from Russian-native schools because local population trust them more which was connected by a religion community, similarity of language and traditions of Tatars and people of Turkestan. These schools financially were also supported by Tatars. Methodical providing, especially in the first decades of their existence, was carried out by the Kazan teachers. Most capable shakirds (students) of Jadid’s madrassas prepared to enter major madrasas of the Volga-Ural region. Tatar women played a big role in training of women of Turkestan. Under their influence and leadership by the representatives of the local population were opened schools. However, despite the support for the first time, the government feared the influence of the Turkic peoples on each other. Since 1910, rules have been adopted that prohibit the teaching of Tatars in Turkestan. Closing of Tatar schools did not become an obstacle to the spread of jadidism.
Keywords: Tatar teachers, Turkestan, education, training, madrasa, Russian-native school, Jadidism, textbooks
References:
1. Murtazina L. R. The Theoretiс and Methodologiсal Foundation of Studying Tatar Pedagogiсal Thought (On the Experiment of сompiling an Antology of Tatar Pedagogiсal Thought). TATARICA, 2014, no. 1 (2), pp. 209–222.
2. Bartol’d V. V. Istoriya kul’turnoy zhizni Turkestana [History of cultural life of Turkestan]. 1927, 256 p. (in Russian).
3. Nasretdinova D. M. Turkistonning madaniy ӽaetida tatar-boshқird aellarining tutgan ȳrni (ХIХ asr okhiri – ХХ asrning birinchi choragi). Tarikh f. diss.avtoref. [The role of Tatar-Bashkir women in cultural life of Turkistan (the end of the 19th – the first quarter of the 20th centuries]. Toshkent, 2011. 29 p. (in Uzbek).
4. Rasulov A. N. Istoriya vzaimootnosheniy narodov Turkestana, Povolzh’ya i Priural’ya (1917–1924). Avtoref. dis. dokt. ist. nauk [History of Relationship Between Peoples of Turkestan, the Volga region and the Ural provinces (1917–1924). Abstract of thesis doct. hist. sci.]. Tashkent, 2005. 54 p. (in Russian).
5. Tatar pedagogik fikere antologiyase. 2 tomda. T. 1. Red. F. M. Soltanov, M. M. Gibatdinov, L. R. Mortazina [Antology of Tatar pedagogiсal thought. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. Ed. by F. M. Soltanov, M. M. Gibatdinov, L. R. Mortazina]. Kazan, 2014. 407 p. (in Tatar).
6. Khafizov G. G. Kul’turtregerskaya deyatel’nost’ tatarskoy intelligentsiy v ХIХ – pervoy chetverti ХХ v. [Kulturtregerskih activities of the Tatar intelligences in the XIX – first quarter XX centuries]. Kazan, 2003. 283 p. (in Russian).
7. Prikhodov M. Kirgizy-musul’mane [Muslim Kirghiz]. Inorodcheskoye obozreniye. Prilozheniye k zhurnalu “Pravoslavnyy sobesednik” za mart 1913 goda. Kn. 2 [Foreign review. Supplement to the magazine «Orthodox interlocutor», March 1913. Book 2]. Kazan, Tsentr. Tip. Publ., 1913. pp. 83–112 (in Russian).
8. Bobrovnikov N. A. Russko-tuzemnye uchilishcha, mekteby i medresy Sredney Azii: putevye zametki [Russian-native schools, mektebas and madrassas of Central Asia: traveling notes]. Saint Petersburg, Senatskaya tip. Publ., 1913. 90 p. (in Russian).
9. Tardzhiman. 1910. 15 oktyabrya (in Russian).
10. Biktimirova T. Il yazmyshyn salyp iпnärenä [The fate of the country on brittle shoulders]. Kazan, Alma-Lit Publ., 2006. 239 p. (in Tatar).
11. Imankulov M. K. Razvitiye sistemy obrazovaniya v nachale ХХ veka [The development of the education system in the early twentieth century]. Izvestiya Kyrgyzskoy akademii obrazovaniya – Proceedings of the Kyrgyz Academy of Education, 2016, no. 1 (37), pp. 42–46 (in Russian).
12. Tardzhiman. 1912. 20 aprelya (in Russian).
13. Ysuly cädidä [Dzhadid method]. Yoldyz. 1911. 11 yanvar. (in Tatar)
14. Russkiye musul’mane [Russian Muslims]. Inorodcheskoye obozreniye. Prilozheniye k zhurnalu “Pravoslavnyy sobesednik” za mart 1913 goda. Kn. 2 [Foreign review. Supplement to the magazine «Orthodox interlocutor», March 1913. Book. 2]. Kazan, Tsentr. Tip. Publ., 1913. pp. 131–133 (in Russian).
15. Aytmambetov D. Dorevolyutsionnye shkoly v Kirgizii [Pre-revolutionary schools in Kyrgyzstan]. Frunze, Izd-vo AN Kirgizskoy SSR Publ., 1961. 128 p. (in Russian).
16. Galimova A. R. Literaturnye svyazi kirgizskoy i tatarskoy poezii kontsa XIX – pervoy poloviny XX v. [Literary relations of the Kirghiz and the Tatar poetry of the end of XIX – first half XX century]. Bishkek, KRSU Publ., 2015. 142 p. (in Russian).
17. Murtazina L. R. Nauchno-pedagogicheskaya deyatel’nost’ Gabdully Sabirovicha Shnasi (1885–1938) [Scientific and pedagogical activity of Gadbulla Sabirovich Shnasy (1885–1938)]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2016, no. 8, pp. 121–124 (in Russian).
18. Fäkhreddin R. Asar. 3 һäm 4 tomnar. Kazan: Rukhiyat, 2010. 648 p. (in Tatar)
( 348 kB ) 
( 340.38 kB )
Issue: 8, 2017
Series of issue: Issue 8
Rubric: HUMANITIES RESEARCH
Pages: 126 — 130
Downloads: 225