The plot-forming motive of fault as the basis for the “Anna Karenina’s” code in O. Pamuk’s novel “Museum of Innocence”
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2024-6-152-162
The usage of literary code is one of the basic techniques in creating fiction. Turkish writer and Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk in interviews and public speeches has repeatedly pointed out that in the process of working, including during the creation of the novel “Museum of Innocence”, he was in dialogue with the oeuvre of L. N. Tolstoy. Calling the Russian classic “a model of a historical writer”, Pamuk uses artistic techniques inherent in Tolstoy’s prose in his work on a novel about Istanbul life in the mid-1975’s. In the course of a comparative analysis, the interaction of the creative principles of the Turkish writer with the artistic system of the Russian novelist was examined and it was revealed that this connection is of a systemic nature. As the starting point of coding, the authors of the article identified the motive of guilt, which is key for the problematic organization of Pamuk’s work, as Tolstoy’s novel Anna Karenina. Particular attention in the research is paid to the nature of the implementation of the motive of fault in epigraphs to novels, where its plot-forming role is already planned. Next, several aspects of the functioning of the motive of fault in the works in question are revealed: public condemnation, denial of their fault and a desire to shift it to another, self-judgment. Based on the value guidelines shown in the code, Pamuk creates in the “Museum of Innocence” a conflict between the characters’ own fault and the predestination of their actions. In the course of the research, it becomes obvious that the historical conditioning of the fate of the characters in Tolstoy’s novel as understood by Pamuk is transformed into a plot model. As a result, coding as a technique does not just program various levels of the artistic organization of Pamuk’s novel, but determines the logic of the development of the plot and prejudges its ending. The plot-forming motive of guilt in the “Museum of Innocence” under the influence of the Tolstoy code used by the postmodern author develops according to a specific script, going beyond the conditioning of the cultural and historical situation in which the novel takes place.
Keywords: motive, plot, novel, literary code, Tolstoy, Pamuk
References:
1. Rutkovskaya A. Apollinariya Avrutina: Ya khotela perevodit – i da, ya perevozhu knizhki [Apollinaria Avrutina: I wanted to translate – and yes, I translate books] (in Russian). URL: https://ok-inform.ru/obshchestvo/8406-apollinariya-avrutina-yakhotela-perevodit-i-da-ya-perevozhu-knizhki.html (accessed 10 May 2022).
2. Dymov A. Orkhan Velikolepnyy [Orhan the Magnificent] (in Russian). URL: http://fond-adygi.ru/page/orhan-velikolepnyj (accessed 09 May 2022).
3. Basinskiy P. V. Manifest dlya balovnya sud’by [Manifesto for the pampering of fate]. Rossiyskaya gazeta, 2017, no. 40 (7206). (in Russian). URL: https://rg.ru/2017/02/25/orhan-pamuk-tolstoj-iavliaetsia-dlia-menia-modeliu-istoricheskogo-pisatelia.html (accessed 09 May 2022).
4. Kalashnikova A. L., Poselenova E. Yu. Naslediye kuzbasskikh kommunarov v kontekste sovremennogo issledovaniya tvorchestva L. N. Tolstogo [The heritage of the Kuzbass Communards in the context of a modern study of the work of L. N. Tolstoy]. Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal – Siberian Journal of Philology, 2020, no. 1, pp. 114–121. doi: 10.17223/18137083/70/8 (in Russian).
5. Kafanova O. B. Zhorzh Sand i russkaya literatura XIX veka: (mify i real’nost’): 1830–1860-gg. [George Sand and 19th-century Russian literature: (myths and reality): 1830–1860 s]. Tomsk, TSPU Publ., 1998. 410 p. (in Russian).
6. Bilinkis Ya. S. “Anna Karenina” L. N. Tolstogo i russkaya literatura 1870-kh godov. Lektsiya [“Anna Karenina” by L. N. Tolstoy and Russian literature of the 1870s. Lecture]. Leningrad, 1970. 71 p. (in Russian).
7. Eykhenbaum B. M. Lev Tolstoy. Semidesyatye gody [Leo Tolstoy. Seventies]. Leningrad, Khudozhestvennaya literatura, 1974. 358 p. (in Russian).
8. Shenol A. O. Motiv domostroitel’stva v romane L. N. Tolstogo “Anna Karenina” v kontekste problemy “Rossiya i Evropa” [The motive of housing construction in the novel by L. N. Tolstoy “Anna Karenina" in the context of the problem “Russia and Europe”]. Vestnik MGOU. Seriya: Russian filology – Bulletin of Moscow state regional university. Series “Russian Philology”, 2017, no. 1, pр. 105–113 (in Russian).
9. Akpınar S., Büşra B. Orhan Pamuk romanlarında “öteki”. Avrasya Uluslararası Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2017, no. 5 (11), pp. 330-344 (in Turkish).
10. Demir Ö. G. F. Orhan Pamuk’un Masumiyet Müzesi romanında baba-oğul ilişkisi. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 2009, no. 18 (2), pp. 145–155.
11. Aslanboğa A. Masumiyet Müzesi Romanı’nda Modernizm-Gelenek algısı. Electronic Turkish Studies, 2011, no. 6 (3), pp. 1645-1652.
12. Aytaç G. Çağdaş Türk Romanları Üzerine İncelemeler. Ankara: Gündoğan yayınları, 1999. 384 pp..
13. Yeşilöz T. Orhan Pamuk’un Masumiyet Müzesi ve Erkek Hegemonyasının Görünümleri. Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi Dergisi, 2021, no. 4 (2), pp. 306–315. doi: https://doi.org/10.47948/efad.997079
14. Demir E. Toplumsal Cinsiyet Bağlamında Kadının Siyasetteki Rolü ve Önemi. Abay Kunanbayev Anısına Türkiye Ve Türk Dünyası Araştırmaları-III içinde. Gaziantep. İKSAD Publishing House, 2020. Pp. 833–863.
15. Lestari Ch. S. N., Wardhono A. Cohesive devices appearing on Kemal’s utterances in Orhan Pamuk’s novel The Museum of Innocence. Journal of Applied Studies in Language, 2022, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 90–99. doi: 10.31940/jasl.v6i1.390
16. Hoffmann E. “Innocent objects”: Fetishism and melancholia in Orhan Pamuk’s The Museum of Innocence. Konturen, 2015, no. 8, pp. 155–176. doi: 10.5399/uo/konturen.8.0.3715
17. Rajan R. S. Ticket to a Museum: Reading Orhan Pamuk in Our Times. Novel: A Forum on Fiction, 2022, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 518-546. doi: 10.1215/00295132-10007565
18. Sankar D. Of trauma and happiness: Orhan Pamuk’s The Museum of Innocence. Psychoanalysis, Culture and Society, 2022, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 56–70. doi: 10.1057/s41282-022-00277-1
19. Yalkin C., Yanık L. K. Entrenching geopolitical imaginations: brand(ing) Turkey through Orhan Pamuk. Journal of International Relations and Development, 2020, vol. 23, no. 2, pp. 339–358. doi: 10.1057/s41268-018-0153-1
20. Yuzefovich G. L. Udivitelnyye priklyucheniya ryby-lotsmana [The amazing adventures of a pilot fish]. Moscow, AST Publ., 2016. 416 p. (in Russian).
21. Birger L. Orkhan Pamuk v pyati s polovinoy knigakh [Orhan Pamuk in five and a half books] (in Russian). URL: https://www.pravilamag.ru/hero/675852-orhan-pamuk-v-pyati-s-polovinoy-knigah/ (accessed 21 May 2022).
22. Repenkova M. M. Kontseptsiya lichnosti v romanistike Orkhana Pamuka [The concept of personality in the romance of Orhan Pamuk]. Filologicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki – Philology. Theory and Practice, 2017, no. 12 (78), vol. 3, pp. 50–53 (in Russian).
23. Nikolskiy E. V. Obraz “lishnego cheloveka” v kontekste problematiki romana Orkhana Pamuka “Sneg” [The image of an “extra person” in the context of the problems of Orhan Pamuk’s novel “Snow”]. Studia Humanitatis, 2016, no. 3 (in Russian). URL: https://st-hum.ru/sites/st-hum.ru/files/pdf/nikolsky_12.pdf (accessed 21 May 2023)
24. Makarenko V. P. Gorod kak sud’ba: vzglyad nobelevskogo laureata Orkhana Pamuka na rodnoy Stambul [City as fate: Nobel laureate Orhan Pamuk’s take on his native Istanbul]. Gumanitariy Yuga Rossii, 2012, no. 3, pp. 163–183 (in Russian).
25. Shevchenko E. N. Obraz Stambula v romane Orkhana Pamuka “Menya zovut Krasnyy” [The image of Istanbul in Orhan Pamuk’s novel “My Name is Red”]. Filologiya i kultura, 2016, no. 2 (44), p. 312–316 (in Russian).
26. Dvortsova D. V. Osnovnyye problemy samoidentifikatsii Turetskoy respubliki v kontekste dikhotomii “Vostok–Zapad” (na osnove analiza tvorchestva O. Pamuka) [The main problems of self-identification of the Turkish Republic in the context of the East–West dichotomy (based on an analysis of the work of O. Pamuk)]. Sborniki konferentsiy NITS “Sotsiosfera”, 2016, no. 42, pp. 62–66 (in Russian).
27. Chizhova E. S. “Allakhu prinadlezhit i Vostok, i Zapad...”. Orkhan Pamuk [“Allah belongs to both East and West...”. Orhan Pamuk]. Voprosy literatury, 2010, no. 3, pp. 279–296 (in Russian).
28. Posokhova E. V. Ideynyy dialogizm i intertekstualnost’ v romanakh Orkhana Pamuka [Ideological dialogism and intertextuality in Orhan Pamuk’s novels]. Mirovaya literatura na perekrestye kul’tur i tsivilizatsiy, 2011, no. 3, pp. 213–223 (in Russian).
29. Mazanayev Sh. A., Babayeva A. M., Goncharova E. A. Dialog kul’tur v syuzhete romana Orkhana Pamuka “Ryzhevolosaya zhenshchina” [Dialogue of cultures in the plot of Orhan Pamuk’s novel “The Red-Haired Woman”]. Vestnik Dagestanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya 2: Gumanitarnyye nauki. 2020, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 29–35. doi: OI 10.21779/2542-03132020-35-1-29-35 (in Russian).
30. Obraztsov A. V., Suleymanova A. S. V labirinte interteksta: Orkhan Pamuk i Lev Tolstoy [In the intertext maze: Orhan Pamuk and Leo Tolstoy]. Alkïš Bitig. Scripta in honorem D. M. Nasilov: sbornik statey k 80-letiyu D. M. Nasilova [Alkïš Bitig. Scripta in honorem D. M. Nasilov: collection of articles for the 80th anniversary of D. M. Nasilov]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo MBA Publ., 2015. Pp. 419–427 (in Russian).
31. Tolstoy L. N. Anna Karenina [Anna Karenina]. Saint Petersburg, Azbuka-Attikus Publ., 2022. 864 p. (in Russian).
32. Pamuk O. Muzey nevinnosti [Museum of Innocence]. Translation from Tukish by A. Avrutina. Saint Petersburg, Azbuka-Attikus Publ., 608 p. (in Russian).
33. Stepanenko A. K. Syuzhetno-kompozitsionnaya struktura romana L. N. Tolstogo “Anna Karenina”. Avtoref. dis. kand. filol. nauk [Plot and compositional structure of the novel by L. N. Tolstoy “Anna Karenina”]. Makhachkala, 2005. 19 p. (in Russian).
34. Basinskiy P. V. Podlinnaya istoriya Anny Kareninoy [The True Story of Anna Karenina]. Moskow, AST Publ., 2022. 384 p. (in Russian).
Issue: 6, 2024
Series of issue: Issue 6
Rubric: RUSSIAN LITERATURE AND LITERATURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE WORLD
Pages: 152 — 162
Downloads: 56