F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY AND L. N. TOLSTOY: EXPERIENCE OF THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL IDEAS
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2019-6-28-37
Introduction. F. M. Dostoyevsky and L. N. Tolstoy’s views are often opposed to each other not so much owing to their multi-vector orientation how many on the religious and philosophical bases. But, in particular, their pedagogical views have more common ground, than it admits research works today, owing to lack of the reconstructed educational model belonging to F. M. Dostoyevsky. The purpose of the work is identification and analysis of the main dominants of pedagogical views of F. M. Dostoyevsky and L. N. Tolstoy by means of the comparative analysis. Material and methods. Among the methods of the study are: comparative, analytical-descriptive and biographical. Results and discussion. The conducted research allowed to reveal the fundamental idea of writers connected with the statement of the ideal and harmonious nature of the child, therefore, the paramount problem of education is represented not to destroy this personal kernel. Neither Dostoevsky nor Tolstoy perceives the formation of a personality structure as a self-sufficient and closed process. The internal potential of the child is realized through relationship with the outside world in situations of value choice which are shown at three levels: family, religion, society. The designated elements have different hierarchical interrelation in a pedagogical thought of writers. But the hierarchical structure which is based on these educational dominants is a fundamental element of an individual pedagogical system undergoing this personal reconsideration. Conclusion. Having carried out the comparative analysis of pedagogical concepts of education of Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy it is possible to note that views of writers, on the one hand, proceed from the principles of love, indisputable influence of “fathers” , belief in an ideal of terrestrial improvement of human nature, national values as indispensable condition for the formation of personality, and on the other hand, have the certain distinctions embodied in the forms of achievement of a pedagogical ideal, the unrepugnant child of natural harmony. The pedagogical ideas of two outstanding writers of the 19th century are a resource for the implementation of the content of education of the 2010s, in which, firstly, a person is proclaimed the supreme value; secondly, all principles and methods of education are aimed at the formation of a spiritual and moral personality by focusing on the activation of its creative activity, self-development, self-improvement; thirdly, the right of the child to individuality is recognized. This determines the practical significance of the article.
Keywords: F. M. Dostoyevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A Writer`s Diary, Yasnaya Polyana, Confession, Way of Life, Inevitable Revolution, pedagogical ideas, personality, values, spiritual and moral education, parents, teacher, spirituality, morality, freedom, family, religion
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Issue: 6, 2019
Series of issue: Issue 6
Rubric: TOPICAL ISSUES OF LITERARY CRITICISM
Pages: 28 — 37
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