STRUCTURE OF A SIMPLE SENTENCE: TRADITIONAL AND MODERN APPROACHES
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2018-8-56-61
The main traditional and modern approaches to the research of a simple sentence structure are considered. In traditional linguistics the simple sentence is studied from positions of the logical, psychological, structural and functional approaches. The logical approach having come from Aristotle’s works operates with terms of logic: a subject, a predicate which are considered as components of a thought structure. The psychological approach goes back to works of neogrammarians. In the psychological approach a sentence is considered as linguistic expression of combination of psychological concepts in perception of a speaker and as the instrument of generation of these concepts and their binding in perception of a listener. The structural and functional approach includes the theory of actual division of the sentence, the theory of communicative dynamism and the theory of informative structure of a sentence. The actual division means division of the sentence into the starting point (basis) of a statement and the core of a statement. According to the adherents of the second theory, there is communicative dynamism in each element of the sentence and the degree of communicative dynamism is directly connected with the status of this element in the theme and rheme structure of a sentence. According to the third theory, informative structure of a statement and thematic structure are different, though they are interconnected by the levels of communicative and semantic structure of a statement. The researches on syntax in cognitive and functional aspects as well as study of the sentence structure from positions of generative grammar are widely spread in modern linguistics.
Keywords: simple sentence, structure, communicative division of a sentence actual division of a sentence, informatiove structure of a sentence, argument structure
References:
1. Aristotel’. Sochineniya v chetyrekh tomakh [Aristotle. Writings in four volumes]. Volume 2. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ., 1978. 688 p. (in Russian).
2. Frege G. Shrift ponyatiy [Font of concepts]. Metody logicheskikh issledovaniy [Methods of logical researches]. Tbilisi, Metsniyereba Publ., 1987. Pp. 83-151 (in Russian).
3. Arutyunova N. D. Lingvisticheskiye problemy referentsii [Linguistic problems of referencing]. Novoye v zarubezhnoy lingvistike. Vyp. XIII. Logika i lingvistika (Problemy referentsii) [The new in foreign linguistics. The 13th issue. Logic and linguistics (Problems of referencing)]. Moscow, Raduga Publ., 1982. Pp. 5–40 (in Russian).
4. Paul’ G. Printsipy istorii yazyka [The principles of history of the language]. Translation from German under the editorship of A. A. Kholodovich. Moscow, Izd-vo inostrannoy lit. Publ., 1960. 500 p. (in Russian).
5. Hirst D., Di Cristo A. Intonation Systems. A Survey of Twenty Languages. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998. 220 p.
6. Matezius V. O tak nazyvaemom aktual’nom chlenenii predlozheniya [About so-called actual division of the sentence]. Prazhskiy lingvisticheskiy kruzhok: sb. st. [The Prague linguistic circle: collection of articles]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1967. Pp. 239–245 (in Russian).
7. Matezius V. Osnovnaya funktsiya poryadka slov v cheshskom yazyke [The main function of word order in Czech]. Prazhskiy lingvisticheskiy kruzhok: sb. st. [The Prague linguistic circle: collection of articles]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1967a. Pp. 246–249 (in Russian).
8. Vinogradova S. G. Kognitivnye osnovy kommunikativnogo chleneniya slozhnogo predlozheniya. Dis. dokt. filol. nauk [Cognitive bases of communicative division of a compound sentence. Diss. doct. philol. sci.]. Tambov, 2016. 301 p. (in Russian).
9. Firbas J. Functional Sentence Perspective in Written and Spoken Communication. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1992. 239 p.
10. Firbas Ya. Funktsii voprosa v protsesse kommunikatsii [Functions of a question in the communication process]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya – Issues of Linguistics, 1972, no. 2, pp. 55–65 (in Russian).
11. Halliday M. A. K. Notes on Transitivity and Theme in English: Part 2. Journal of Linguistics, 1967, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 199–244.
12. Chomsky N. Syntactic Structures. Berlin; New York, Mouton de Gruyter, 1957. 118 p.
13. Pankrats Yu. G. Propozitsional’nye struktury i ikh rol’ v formirovanii yazykovykh edinits raznykh urovney. Dis. dokt. filol. nauk [Propositional structures and their role in formation of language units of different levels. Diss. doct. philol. sci.]. Minsk, 1992. 333 p. (in Russian).
14. Pankrats Yu. G. Propozitsional’naya forma predstavleniya znaniy [Propositional form of knowledge representation]. Voprosy yazykoznaniya – Issues of Linguistics, 1994, no. 4, pp. 78–97 (in Russian).
15. Luzina L. G. Raspredeleniye informatsii v tekste (kognitivnyy i pragmastilisticheskiy aspekty) [Distribution of information in the text (cognitive and pragmastylistic aspects)]. Moscow, INION of the RAS Publ., 1996. 139 p. (in Russian).
16. Givón T. Syntax: A Function-typological Introduction: Vol. 2. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1990. Pр. 456–1017.
17. Furs L. A. Sintaksicheski reprezentiruemye kontsepty. Dis. dokt. filol. nauk [Syntactically representing concepts. Diss. doct. philol. sci.]. Tambov, 2004. 370 p. (in Russian).
18. Furs L. A. Sintaksicheski reprezentiruemye kontsepty [Syntactically representing concepts]. Tambov, TSU Publ., 2004а. 166 p. (in Russian).
19. Lakoff J. Myshleniye v zerkale klassifikatorov [Thinking in a mirror of counter words]. Novoye v zarubezhnoy lingvistike. Vyp. XXIII: Kognitivnye aspekty yazyka [The new in foreign linguistics. Issue XXIII: Cognitive aspects of a language]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1988. Pp. 12–51 (in Russian).
20. Chafe W. L. Pamyat’ i verbalizatsiya proshlogo opyta [Memory and verbalization of past experience]. Novoye v zarubezhnoy lingvistike. Vyp. XII: Prikladnaya lingvistika [The new in foreign linguistics. Issue XII: Applied linguistics]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1983. Pp. 35–73 (in Russian).
21. Chafe W. L. Language and Consciousness. Language, 1974, vol. 50, pp. 111–133.
22. Chafe W. L. Cognitive Constraints on Information Flow. Typological Studies in Language 11: Coherence and Grounding in Discourse. Ed. by R. S. Tomlin. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 1987. Pp. 21–51.
23. Lambrecht K. Information Structure and Sentence Form: Topic, Focus, and the Mental Representations of Discourse Referents. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994. Pp. 1–333.
24. Babby L. Sintaksis argumentnoy struktury [The syntax of argument structure]. Translation under the editorship of A. V. Zelenshhikov. St. Petersburg, 2014. 344 p. (in Russian).
( 629.7 kB ) 
( 370.31 kB )
Issue: 8, 2018
Series of issue: Issue 3
Rubric: THEORETICAL LINGUISTICS
Pages: 56 — 61
Downloads: 869