IMPERATIVE SPEECH GENRES IN A. P. CHEKHOV’S LETTERS
In the last years in linguistics the problem of speech genres is actively studied by many researchers. Despite the intensive development of genres studies, the question of definition of genre is still open. Following Mikhail Bakhtin, who introduced the concept of “speech genre” the linguistics continues the development of the theory of speech genres. Based on the proposed by Tatyana Shmeleva profile speech genre, which includes seven genre characteristics (communicative purpose, author's image, the addressee’s image, communicative factor of the past, communicative factor of the future, linguistic incarnation), we consider imperative speech genres in the A. P. Chekhov’s 125 letters written by him in the period in the 1890 year. In order to express the imperative mood Chekhov uses specialized and unspecialized forms. The most typical forms of expression are presented in the tables that show the features of imperative speech genres in Chekhov's letters. There is also given amplifying speech accompanying components the imperative form of expression. In the group of specialized forms of expression of the imperative (the form of the 2nd person singular and plural; first person plural; 3rd person singular and plural) the second person singular and plural forms occupy the leading position. The unspecialized forms of the imperative of expression observed in the construction of a performative ask. It was also noted that the imperative speech genres in Chekhov's letters, expressed in the first place, a request (direct and indirect), advice, and suggestion. Anton Chekhov prefers the description form of expression of a direct request.
Keywords: imperative speech genres, Chekhov’s letters, forms of description the imperative, requests, advice, wishes
References:
1. Bakhtin M. M. Estetika slovesnogo tvorchestva [Aesthetics of verbal creativity]. Moscow, Iskusstvo Publ., 1986. 444 p. (in Russian).
2. Shmeleva T. V. Model’ rechevogo zhanra. Zhanry rechi [Model of speech genre]. Saratov, College Publ., 1997. Vol. 1. Pp. 88–99 (in Russian).
3. Gusev V. Yu. Typologia imperativa [Typology of imperative]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoy kul’tury Publ., 2013. 336 p. (in Russian).
4. Shmeleva T. V. Povsednevnaya rech’ kak lingvisticheskyy ob'ekt [Daily speach as linguistic object]. Russistika sevodnya. Funktsionirovanye yazyka: leksika i grammatika [Russian Studies today. Functionin of language: vocabulary and grammar]. 1992. Pp. 5–15 (in Russian).
5. Kazakova O. A. Dialektnaya yazykovaya lichnost’ v zhanrovom aspekte [Language personality of dialect speaker in genre aspect]. Tomsk, TPU Publ., 2007. 200 p. (in Russian).
6. Stepanov A. D. Problemy kommunikatsyy u Chekhova [Problems of communication in Chekhov’s works]. Moscow, Yazyki slavyanskoy kul’tury Publ., 2005. 400 p. (in Russian).
7. Kuryanovich A. V. Dinamika zhanrovo-stilisticheskikh osobennostey russkogo elitarnogo tipa rechevoy kul’tury. Dis. dokt. fi lol. nauk [The dynamics of the genre and stylistic features of Russian epistolary discourse of media elite type of oral cultures (Ages XX–XXI). Diss. doct. philol. sci.]. Tomsk, 2013. 397 p. (in Russian).
8. Demeshkina T. A. Reprezentatsya kategorii prostranstva v epistolyarnom diskurse N. D. Gogolya [Category of space representation in N. V. Gogol's epistolary discourse]. Vestnik Tomskogo gos. un-ta – Tomsk State University Journal, 2010, no. 2 (10), pp. 11–17 (in Russian).
9. Fesenko O. A. Frazeologya druzheskogo epistolyarnogo diskursa Pushkinskoy pory [Phraseology in Russian epistolary discourse of Pushkin's time]. Omsk, Omskiy ekonomicheskiy institut Publ., 2009. 156 p. (in Russian).
10. Demeshkina T. A. Imperativnye rechevye zhanry v epistolyarnoy kommunikatsyy [Imperative speech genres in epistolary communication]. Chelovek – kommunikatsiya – tekst – Human – communication – text. Vyp. 1. Chelovek v svete ego kommunikativnogo samoosushchestvleniya [Vol. 1. The man in the light of his communicative self-realization]. Barnaul, Izd-vo Alt. un-ta Publ., 1997. 234 p. (in Russian).
11. Belunova N. I. Druzheskye pisma tvorcheskoy intelligentsyy kontsa XIX – nachala XX v. (zhanr i tekst pisem) [The familiar letters of creativity intelligence in the end of XIX c. – the begin of XX c. (genre and text of the letters)]. Saint-Pertersburg, Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta Publ., 2000. 140 p. (in Russian).
12. Chekhov A. P. Pisma. T. 22 (yanvar’ 1890 – fevral’ 1891) [Letters. Vol. 22 (January 1890 – February 1891)]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1973. 589 p. (in Russian).
13. Belunova N. I. Elitarnaya rechevaya kul’tura i eyo osobennosti (na materiale druzheskikh pisem tvorcheskoy intelligentsyy kontsa XIX – pervoy chetverti XX v.) [The elite speech culture and its features (in the material of the familiar letters of creativity intelligence in the end of XIX c. – the fi rst decade of XX c.]. Saint-Pertersburg, Izd-vo S.-Peterb. un-ta Publ., 2000. 104 p. (in Russian).
14. Shakhmatov A. A. Uchenye o chastyakh rechi [The theory about the parts of speech]. Moscow, KomKniga Publ., 2012. 272 p. (in Russian).
15. Kasatkin L. L. Russkyy yazyk [Russian language]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2014. 784 p. (in Russian).
16. Nguyen Thi Luong. Pryamye i kosvennye pobuditel’nye predlozhenya vo vietnamskom yazyke [Direct and indirect imperative utterance in Vietnamese]. Filologiya I jizn’ – Philology and life, 2006, no. 5, p. 9–13 (in Russian).
17. Kovaleva N. V. Russkoye chastnoye pismo XX v. [The russian private letter in XX c.]. Moscow, SportAkademPress Publ., 2001. 284 p. (in Russian).
18. Kuryanovich A. V. Elitarnaya rechevaya kul'tura v zerkale otechestvennoy epistolyarnoy traditsii [The elite speech culture in the mirror of Russian epistolary tradition]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2011, no. 3 (105), pp. 76–80 (in Russian).
( 452.37 kB ) 
( 446.04 kB )
Issue: 10, 2016
Series of issue: Issue 10
Rubric: DISCURSIVE LINGUISTICS AND CULTURAL LINGUISTICS
Pages: 48 — 53
Downloads: 872