TRANSFORMATION OF PROBLEM SITUATION TO TASK: SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
The first step of the problem solving process is problem identification and problem statement. Existing problem analysis models are overspecialized. The article substantiates the approach to building a universal analysis model of a wide range of problem situations, regardless of context and subject fields. The main approaches to the problem analyzing process are mapped; key factors related to the efficiency of the problem to task transformation are identified. It is shown that the model developed on the basis of cognitive approach meets the requirements for the design of a universal problem analysis model. The hypothesis of the research is that the use of this model will allow to develop a complete orientational basis of action of problem to task transformation, regardless of context of the original problem.
Keywords: problem solving, problem situation, task, orientational basis of action, psychology of thinking
References:
1. Gagné R. M. The conditions of learning and theory of instruction (4th ed.). New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1985.
2. Jonassen David H. Toward a design theory of problem solving. Educational Technology Research and Development. 2000. Pp. 63–85.
3. Gick M. L., Holyoak K. J. Schema induction and analogical transfer. Cognitive Psychology. 1983. Vol. 15. Pp. 1–38.
4. Meskon M., Albert M., Hedouri F. Osnovy menedzhmenta [Basis of management]. Мoscow, Delo Publ., 1997. 704 p.
5. Bransford J., Stein B. S. The IDEAL problem solver: A guide for improving thinking, learning, and creativity. New York, Freeman, 1983.
6. Dewey J. How We Think: A restatement of refl ective thinking to the educative process. Boston, D. C. Heath, 1933.
7. Adelman L., Gualtieri J., Stanford S. Examining the effect of causal focus on the option generation process: An experiment using protocol analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1995. Pp. 54–66.
8. Getzels J. W. Problem fi nding: A theoretical note. Cognitive Science. 1979. Pp. 167–172.
9. Mumford M. D., Mobley M. I., Uhlman C. E., Reiter-Palmon R., & Doares L. Process analytic models of creative capacities. Creativity Research Journal. 1991. Pp. 91–122.
10. Mark A. Runco, Shawn M. Okuda Problem discovery, divergent thinking, and the creative process. Journal of Youth and Adolescence. 1988. Pp. 211–220.
11. Mumford M. D., Reiter-Palmon R., Redmood M. Problem construction and cognition: Applying problem representations in ill-defi ned domains. Problem fi nding, problem solving, and creativity / Ed. Runco M. Norwood, Ablex. 1994.
12. Redmond M., Mumford M., Teach R. Putting creativity to work: Effects of leader behavior on subordinate creativity. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes. 1993. Pp. 120–151.
13. Reiter-Palmon R., Mumford M. D., Runco M. A. Problem construction and creativity: The role of ability, cue consistency, and active processing. Creativity Research Journal. 1997. Pp. 9–23.
14. Rostan S. M. Problem fi nding, problem solving, and cognitive controls: An empirical investigation of critically acclaimed productivity. Creativity Research Journal. 1994. Pp. 97–110.
15. Zelichenko V. M, Dmitriev V. M., Sharova O. N., Filippov A. Yu. Resheniye zadach fi ziki s pomoshch'yu sistemy vizual'nogo modelirovaniya i resheniya zadach (SVIMZ) [Solving physics tasks with the help of the system of visualized modelling and problem solving]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2006, no. 3(54), pp. 43–47 (in Russian).
16. Veretennikova O. N. Obucheniye uchashchikhsya resheniyu zadach na postroeniye metodom geometricheskikh mest tochek na ploskosti i v prostranstve [Students meet the challenges of building geometrical locations of points in the plane and in space]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2011, no. 1 (103), pp. 44–47 (in Russian).
17. Rubinshtein S. L. Osnovi obshchey psykhologii [Basis of general psychology]. 2nd edition. 1946. 575 p. St. Petersburg, 2000. 720 p. (in Russian).
18. Rubinshtein S. L. O mishlenii I putyakh ego issledovaniya [On the thinking and ways of its examination]. Мoscow, AN SSSR Publ., 1958. 145 p. (in Russian).
19. Abulkhanova-Slavskaya K. A. O subyekte psikhicheskoy deyatelnosti [On the subject of mental activity]. Мoscow, Nauka Publ., 1973 (in Russian).
20. Halpern D. Psikhologiya kriticheskogo myshleniya [Psychology of critical thinking]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2000. P. 168 (in Russian).
21. Dunker K. Psikhologiya produktivnogo (tvorcheskogo) myshleniya [Psychology of productive (creative) thinking]. Psihologiya myshleniya [Psychology of thinking]. Moscow, 1965. Pp. 86–234 (in Russian).
22. Hall. K. Printsipy povedeniya. Sushchnost nauchnoy teorii [Principals of behavior. Implication of scientifi c theory]. Istoriya psihologii. XX vek: khrestomatiya [History of psychology. XX century: reader]. 6th edition. Moscow, Akademicheskiy proekt Publ., 2003. Pp. 509–530 (in Russian).
23. Martsinkovskaya T. D., Yurevich A. V. Istoriya psikhologii: Uchebnik dlya vuzov [History of psychology: Student's Book]. 2nd edition. Moscow, Akademicheskiy proekt Publ., 2011. P. 521 (in Russian).
24. Shorokhov E. Osnovnye napravleniya issledovaniy psikhologii myshleniya v kapitalisticheskikh stranakh [Main directions of research of the psychology of thinking in capitalist countries]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1966. P. 300 (in Russian).
25. Reyd D. Eksperimental’noye issledovaniye “analiza tseli” pri reshenii zadach [Experimental study of “objective analysis” in problems solving]. Psikhologiya myshleniya [Psychology of thinking]. Moscow, Progress Publ., 1965 (in Russian).
26. Van de Geer J. Psychological application of the information theory. Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor De Psychologie En Haar Grensgebieden. 1957. Pp. 295–328.
27. Solso R. Kognitivnaya psihologiya. 6-e izd. [Cognitive psychology – 6th edition]. St. Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2006. P. 589. (in Russian).
28. Druzhinina V. N. Kognitivnaya psihologiya: ucheb. dlya vuzov [Cognitive psychology: student’s book. Ed. Druzhinina V. N., Ushakova D. V.]. Moscow, PER SE Publ., 2002. P. 480. (in Russian).
29. Holyoak K. J. Analogical thinking and human intelligence. Advances in the psychology of human intelligence / Sternberg R. J. Hillsdale: Erlbaum. 1984.
30. Barsalou L. W. Ad hoc categories. Memory & Cognition. 1983. Pp. 211–227.
31. Menchinskaya N. A. Psikhologiya obucheniya arifmetike [Psychology of mathematical education]. Moscow, Uchpedgiz Publ., 1955. 430 p. (in Russian).
32. Kabanova-Meller E. N. Formirovaniye priemov umstvennoy deyatel’nosti i umstvennoye razvitiye uchashchikhsya [Formation techniques of mental activity and mental development of students]. Moscow, Prosveshcheniye Publ., 1968. 288 p. (in Russian).
33. Kalmykova Z. I. Puti razvitiya produktivnogo myshleniya shkol’nikov [Ways of development of productive thinking in schoolchildren]. Voprosy psikhologii – Questions of psychology, 1978, no. 3, pp. 143–148 (in Russian).
34. Milman V. E. Komponenty i urovni v funktsional’noy strukture deyatelnosti [Components and levels in the functional structure of activities]. Voprosy psikhologii –Questions of psychology, 1991, no. 1, pp. 71–81 (in Russian).
35. Karpov S. A. Zadacha kak sredstvo razvitiya tvorcheskikh sposobnostey uchashchkihsya [Task as a tool of creative skills development]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2000, pp. 58–61 (in Russian).
36. Gal’perin P. Ya. Osnovnye rezul’taty issledovaniy po probleme “Formirovaniye umstvennykh deystviy i ponyatiy” [The main results of the research on the formation of mental activities and concepts]. Psikhologiya kak ob'ektivnaya nauka [Psychology as an objective science]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo Institut prakticheskoy psikhologii Publ.; Voronezh, NPO Modek Publ., 1998. Pp. 425–429 (in Russian).
37. Gal’perin P. Ya. O psikhologicheskikh osnovakh programmirovannogo obucheniya [On the psychological bases of programed learning]. Novye issledovaniya v pedagogicheskih naukakh [New research in Psychological Science]. Moscow, MGU Publ., 1965 (in Russian).
38. Malakhova E. I. Metodika formirovaniya osnovnykh priemov myshleniya v protsesse obucheniya matematike [Methods of forming the fundamental techniques of thinking in learning mathematics]. Izvestiya Penzenskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta im. V. G. Belinskogo – News of Penza State Pedagogical University named after V. G. Belinsky, 2011, no. 26, pp. 474–480 (in Russian).
39. Golub O. V., Fokina E. A. Optimizatsiya myslitelno-poznavatelnoy deyatel’nosti pri reshenii analitiko-diagnosticheskikh zadach [Optimization of cognitive-thinking activities during solving analytical and diagnostic tasks]. Fundamental’nye issledovaniya – Fundamental research, 2013, no. 11, issue 3, pp. 525–528 (in Russian).
Issue: 9, 2015
Series of issue: Issue 9
Rubric: PSYCHOLOGY
Pages: 126 — 133
Downloads: 779