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IMPERATIVE SPEECH GENRES IN A. P. CHEKHOV’S LETTERS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2016. Issue 10 (175). P. 48-53

In the last years in linguistics the problem of speech genres is actively studied by many researchers. Despite the intensive development of genres studies, the question of definition of genre is still open. Following Mikhail Bakhtin, who introduced the concept of “speech genre” the linguistics continues the development of the theory of speech genres. Based on the proposed by Tatyana Shmeleva profile speech genre, which includes seven genre characteristics (communicative purpose, author's image, the addressee’s image, communicative factor of the past, communicative factor of the future, linguistic incarnation), we consider imperative speech genres in the A. P. Chekhov’s 125 letters written by him in the period in the 1890 year. In order to express the imperative mood Chekhov uses specialized and unspecialized forms. The most typical forms of expression are presented in the tables that show the features of imperative speech genres in Chekhov's letters. There is also given amplifying speech accompanying components the imperative form of expression. In the group of specialized forms of expression of the imperative (the form of the 2nd person singular and plural; first person plural; 3rd person singular and plural) the second person singular and plural forms occupy the leading position. The unspecialized forms of the imperative of expression observed in the construction of a performative ask. It was also noted that the imperative speech genres in Chekhov's letters, expressed in the first place, a request (direct and indirect), advice, and suggestion. Anton Chekhov prefers the description form of expression of a direct request.

Keywords: imperative speech genres, Chekhov’s letters, forms of description the imperative, requests, advice, wishes

VOCATIVES IN THE EPISTOLARY DISCOURSE OF ANTON CHEKHOV // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2017. Issue 2 (179). P. 25-30

The vocative is considered as a very important element of epistolary discourse. This article is devoted to description of the vocatives in structural and semantic aspect in epistolary heritage feature of A. P. Chekhov. Letters of famous writers – an important source, which plays a big role for the study of personality and creativity of their authors, historical events, the characteristics of the era, as well as people who are close to them and familiar, with which they communicate. In this respect, a great interest is the epistolary heritage of the great Russian playwright Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. As the material for the analysis serve the letters written by the writer to the large audience for the period of 1890. In this correspondence the vocatives were analyzed, as the most interesting and revealing element of the original style of the great writer, and in particular important element of national and cultural heritage in general. The purpose of work is to examine the structure and the functions of vocatives used in Chekhov’s letters, to reveal their specific character in his correspondence. In the analysis of vocatives’ structure there have been allocated a group of extended and non-extended vocatives. The goup of words, which distribute the vocative is the adjectives. In this paper it has also been highlighted in the form of references in official business and personal correspondence of Chekhov. In the Chekhov’ correspondence the leading place is occupied by the personal writer’s letters. Summarizing the analysis, we can conclude that the vocatives in Chekhov’s letters generally perform two functions: the nominative and the characterization function, which shows the relationship between the author and the addressee.

Keywords: letters of A.P Chekhov, correspondence, vocative patterns, vocative function, addressee

SPEECH GENRE “BOW” IN A. P. CHEKHOV’S LETTERS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2017. Issue 7 (184). P. 87-93

The article is devoted to the analysis of the etiquette of the speech genre «bow» in the epistolary discourse of Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Substantiates the validity of allocation of etiquette speech genre “bow,” which is widely used in the Chekhov’s letters. The description of etiquette speech genre is held with regard to its main constitutive parameters of speech genres (following the T.V.Shmeleva’s Model of speech genre): the communicative purpose, the image of the addresser, the image of the addressee, the factor of the eventful past, the factor of the eventful future, structural and linguistic peculiarities. The “bow” in Chekhov’s letters is a method of transmitting an indirect recipient (recipients of the bow) through the direct recipient of letters. The communicative purpose of the speech genre “bow” is an expression of a respectful and kind attitude of the addresser to his addressees. With this speech genre, the author shows himself as a person who knows the conventional speech etiquette (including correspondence etiquette) and simultaneously supports, maintains contacts and good relations with people, regardless of temporal and spatial factors. Speech genre “bow” as one of the most consumed etiquette genres in Chekhov’s letters, written during the period 1892-1894 years, generally performs the phatic function. The features of Chekhov’s linguistic expression in the speech genre “bow” give his epistolary communication emotions that determine the overall positive communication background.

Keywords: etiquette, etiquette speech genre, genre “bow”, constitutive features, direct recipients, indirect recipients, phatic communication