WORLDVIEW OF MEDICINE FROM THE PERSPECTIVES OF SPECIAL VERBS
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2021-6-60-70
Introduction. Terminology contributes to the representation of the world picture because each lexical unit fixes the experience of both a separate nation and the whole mankind. The result of their interaction can be found in the perceptual unity and uniform representation of the world. Verbs, designating special notions, are the verbal representation of pragmatically revised scholary insight, which reflect the pattern of thoughtway, bases of mental activity, professional background, cultural and linguistic competence of specialists. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to study verbs, which designate special medical notions, and to show that they are a universal means to represent the world picture of medicine, and as a means which help to reveal the tramline and functioning of scientific thought. Material and methods. The material of the investigation includes one- and multiword verbs and verb phrases which represent various medical processes. Etymological, word-building and definitional analyses are used. Results and discussion. Universality which is characteristic of the world picture of medicine is reflected in the use of Greek and Latin terminological elements in the structure of a verb. National characteristics appear in the use of morphological elements and lexical and semantic principles of word-building. The world pictures of sciences also reflect historical evolution of notions and terms which can be revealed in the processes of terminologization and determinologization of verbs which are used in the language of medicine. The history of the development of special medical verbs demonstrates the interaction of the everyday and scientific world pictures. It is proved by etymology of verbs and polysemy of verbs within the medical discourse and with the verbs functioning in other branches of science. Lexical units which represent various medical processes are a kind of propositional structures which show a definite area of the world picture in its entirety. Thus, they can demonstrate the process as a cognitive script, which demonstrates implicitly the array of actions. It is a kind of metonymical representation of the process which is put into verbs. Conclusion. A verb can be considered as a means to interpret the world picture of this or that field of science. In regards to language of medicine the verbs allow to reveal the pattern and volume of semantic development of a word, to trace the scientific history of medicine in synchrony and diachrony.
Keywords: world picture, scientific world picture, verb, terminology, medicine, etymology, word-building, proposition
References:
1. Vvedeniye v filosofiyu: uchebnik dlya vuzov: v 2 ch. Ch. 1 [Introduction into Philosophy: in 2 parts. Part 1]. Ed. I. T. Frolov. Мoscow, Politizdat Publ., 1989. 639 p. (in Russian).
2. Kubryakova E. S. Chasti rechi v onomaseologicheskom osveshchenii [Parts of Speech in Onomaseological Presentation]. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo LKI Publ., 2008. 120 p. (in Russian).
3. Akzhigitov G. N., Akzhigitov R. G. Bol’shoy anglo-russkiy slovar’ [English-Russian Dictionary of Medical Terms]. Мoscow, Izdaniye g-na Akzhigitova R. G. Publ., 2005. 1224 p. (in Russian).
4. Oxford Dictionary of English, 3d ed. Oxford University Press, 2010. 2068 p.
5. Online Etymology Dictionary. URL: https://www.etymonline.com/ (accessed 10 July 2021).
6. Popova Z. D., Sternin I. A. Yazyk i natsional’naya kartina mira [Linguistic and National Worldview]. Voronezh, 2002. 152 p. (in Russian).
7. Sheina I. M. Kartina mira kak metakontsept (k teorii problemy) [Worldview as Metaconcept]. Filologos, 2011, no. 2(9), pp. 32–45 (in Russian).
8. Mal’ko E. S. Yazykovaya kartina mira: opyt osmysleniya [Linguistic Worldview]. Obshchestvo i pravo, 2012, no. 2(39), pp. 247–252 (in Russian).
9. Chernobrov A. A. Nauchnaya i “naivnaya” kartiny mira: kul’turologicheskiy, leksicheskiy i tekstologicheskiy aspekty [Scientific and Naive World Views: Cultural, Lexical and Textual Analysis]. Sibirskiy pedagogicheskiy zhurnal – Siberian Pedagogical Journal, 2012, no. 7, pp. 230–236 (in Russian).
10. Belousova E. G. K voprosu o prirode i tipologii kartin mira [About the Nature and Types of World Views]. Aktual’nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoy lingvistiki – Current Issues in Philology and Pedagogical Linguistics, 2009, no. 11, pp. 14–18 (in Russian).
11. Vaysgerber J. L. Yazyk i filosofiya [Language and Philosophy]. Voprosy jazykoznanija – Topics in the Study of Language, 1993, no. 2, pp. 114–124 (in Russian).
12. Kurukalova E. S. Tipologiya kartin mira, ponyatie kartiny mira v paradigme raznykh otrasley znaniya [Typology of Worldviews, the Conceptof Worldview in the Paradigm of Various Fields of Knowledge]. EUROPEAN RESEARCH: sbornik statey pobediteley VIII Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii [EUROPEAN RESEARCH: a collection of articles from the winners of the VIII international scientific and practical conference]. 2017. pp. 212–217 (in Russian).
13. Prokhorov Yu. E. V poiskakh kontsepta [In Search for Concept]. Мoscow, Flinta: Nauka Publ., 2009. 176 p. (in Russian).
14. Kornilov O. A. Yazykovye kartiny mira kak proizvodnye natsional’nykh mentalitetov [Lignuistic Worldviews as the Product of National Mentality]. Мoscow, CheRo Publ., 2003. 350 p. (in Russian).
15. Alefirenko N. F. Nauchnoye i obydennoye v kartine mira [Scientific and Ordinary Things in the Worldview]. Vestnik Chelyabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2011, no. 24 (239), pp. 11–14 (in Russian).
16. Alefirenko N. F. Spornye problemy semantiki [Controversial Issues of Semantics]. Мoscow, Gnozis Publ., 2005. 326 p. (in Russian).
17. Tokarev G. V. Vvedeniye v semiotiku [Introduction to Semiotics]. Мoscow, FLINTA, Nauka Publ., 2014. 160 p. (in Russian).
18. Pocheptsov O. G. Yazykovaya mental’nost’: sposob predstavleniya mira [Linguistic Mentality: World Presentation]. VYA, 1990, no.6, pp. 110–122 (in Russian).
19. Popova Z. D., Sternin I. A. Kognitivnaya lingvistika [Cognitive Linguistics]. Мoscow, AST: Vostok-Zapad Publ., 2010. 314 p. (in Russian).
20. Drozdova T. V. Elementy obydennogo znaniya v nauchnom ekonomicheskom tekste [Elements of Common Knowledge in Texts on Economics]. Kognitivnye issledovaniya yazyka: sbornik nauchnykh trudov. Vyp. 3: Tipy znaniy i problema ikh klassifikatsii [Cognitive Studies of Language: Collection of Scientific Papers. Issue 3: Types of knowledge and the problem of their classification]. Moscow–Tambov, TSU Derzhavin Tambov State University Publ., 2008. Pp. 94–104 (in Russian).
21. Akhmedova Z. A. Klassifikatsiya sintaksicheskikh struktur s glagolami v nauchnoy rechi po khudozhestvennoy grafike v russkom i tadzhikskom yazykakh [Classification of Syntactical Structures with Verbs in Scientific Speech on Graphics in Russian and Tajik]. Vestnik Tadzhikskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta prava, biznesa i politiki. Seriya gumanitarnykh nauk – Bulletin of TSULBP. Series of Humanitarian Sciences, 2015, no. 3, pp. 101–109 (in Russian).
22. Dumitru E. Sh. Glagoly-terminy neftedobychi [Verbs in Terminology of Oil Production]. Russkaya rech’, 2008, no. 2, pp. 55–59 (in Russian).
23. Bagiyan A. Yu. Determinologizatsiya kak rezul’tat razmytosti granits mezhdu spetsial’noy i obshcheupotrebitel’noy leksikoy [Determinologization as the Result of Diffusion of Boundaries between the Special and General Vocabulary]. Filologicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki [Philological sciences. Questions of theory and practice]. Tambov, Gramota Publ., 2014, no. 7 (37), part II, pp. 28–33 (in Russian).
24. Rozhkova T. V. Satus i tipologizatsiya glagola v meditsinskoy terminologii [The Status and Typology of the Verb in Medical Terminology]. Slovenska terminologija danas: nauchni skupovi, kњiga 28 [Slavonoc Terminology Today]. Belgrade, Srpska akademija nauk i umetnosti, 2017. Pp. 537–547 (in Russian).
25. Borisenkova L. M. Kognitivnye osnovaniya sistemy slovoobrazovaniya [Cognitive Basis for Word Formation]. Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta – Vestnik of Moscow State Linguistic University. Humanities, 2011, no. 18 (624), pp. 41–49 (in Russian).
26. Kostyushkina G. M., Shorstova S. A. Kognitivnyy aspekt mnogoznachnogo slova (na materiale glagola Lassen) [Cognitive Aspect of Polysemantic Words (Based on a Study of the Verb Lassen]. Vestnik Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta, 2014, vol. 1 (26), pp. 119–125 (in Russian).
27. Plotnikova A. M. Mnogoznachnost’ russkogo glagola: kognitivnoye modelirovaniye (na materiale glagolov sotsial’nykh vzaimodeystviy i otnosheniy) [Polysemy of the Russian Verb: Cognitive Modelling (Based on the Verbs of Social Interaction and Relation]. Ekaterinburg, UrFU Publ., 2006. 226 p. (in Russian).
28. The Palgrave Handbook of the History of Surgery. Ed. by Th. Schlich. Palgrave, MacMillan. 2017. 578 p. URL: https://books.google.ru/books?isbn=1349952605 (accessed 10 July 2021).
29. Bennion E. Antique Medical Instruments. Sotheby Parke Bernet: University of California Press, 1980. 359 p. URL: https://books.google.ru/books?isbn=0520038320 (accessed 10 July 2021).
30. Kubryakova E. S. Glagoly deystviya cherez ikh kognitivnye kharakteristiki [Verbs of Action and Their Cognitive Characteristics]. Logicheskiy analiz yazyka. Modeli deystviya [Logical analysis of language. Action models]. Мoscow, Nauka Publ., 1992. 166 p. (in Russian).
31. Lyubimova N. A., Buzal’skaya E. V. Kartina mira: bytiye i nauchnyy potentsial termina [The World View: Existence and Scientific Potential of the Term]. Russkiy yazyk za rubezhom, 2012, no. 6 (235), pp. 40–49 (in Russian).
32. Novodranova V. F. Problemy terminoobrazovaniya v kognitivno-kommunikativnom aspekte [The Problems of Term Formation in Cognitive and Communicative Fields]. Leksikologiya. Terminovedeniye. Stilistika: sbornik nauchnykh trudov, posvyashchennykh yubileyu V. M. Leychika [Lexicology. Terminology. Stylistics: a collection of scientific papers dedicated to the anniversary of V. M. Leichik]. Мoscow–Ryazan’, 2003. Pp. 150–154 (in Russian).
33. Rozhkova T. V. Kategoriya otsenochnosti v terminologii (na materiale angloyazychnoy psikhiatricheskoy terminologii) [The Category of Evaluativity in Terminology (on the basis of English Terminology of Psychiatry]. Aktual’nye problemy sovremennogo nauchnogo znaniya: materialy 3-y mezhdunarodoy nauchnoy konferentsii v 2 chastyakh [Actual problems of modern scientific knowledge: materials of the 3rd international scientific conference: in 2 parts]. Pyatigorsk, PSU Publ., 2010. Part 1. Pp. 293–300 (in Russian).
( 445.69 kB ) 
( 438.73 kB )
Issue: 6, 2021
Series of issue: Issue 6
Rubric: GERMANIC LANGUAGES
Pages: 60 — 70
Downloads: 524