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6251 | Introduction. The article deals with the problem of modern English punctuation in a written communication of American mass media (The New York Times, San Francisco Chronicle). The paper is focused on the rules of putting comma as a sign, the functions of which are very contradictory and diverse, since in the same syntactic contexts it can be either allowed or avoided. The analysis of the comma functioning rules is explained by the fact that this sign often replaces all other punctuation marks in modern written communication. The aim of the work is to identify and explain the principles of comma functioning in modern communication (based on the material of American English) in order to facilitate the understanding of the laws of punctuation in the English language. Material and methods. The main research methods are the method of linguistic description, syntactic analysis, interpretative method, the method of stylistic description. Results and discussion. In the undertaken analysis, we claim that in American written communication, comma performs the following set of functions: dividing or separating syntactic units within a syntactic structure, highlighting the meaning, enhancing an expressiveness and semantic significance of a syntactic element, using the sign as an individualised stylistic means of expressiveness in the text. The scientific novelty of this work is systematization and scientific classification of functions typical of a comma from the point of view of the English grammar laws and their stylistic variation, which practically were not covered in other studies on the grammar of English. Conclusion. The proposed list of functions performed by comma in a modern American discourse allows us to offer students studying English a relatively complete overview of the possible meanings characteristic of this sign, and thus, remove some difficulties in understanding and mastering the syntactic theory of English. Keywords: punctuation, written communication, comma, syntactic relations, expressive function, emphasising function | 576 | |||||
6252 | Introduction. The study of discourse typology is one of the advanced research lines in communicative linguistics. Engineering communication is becoming a subject of increased focus for linguists due to its rapid development driven by dynamic changes in technology, society and industry, which is resulted in continuous exchange of information between the members of the engineering society. Despite the significant number of discourse studies in different social institutions, engineering discourse remains an understudied area as Russian researchers traditionally consider it as a part of the scientific or scientific and technical discourse. In view of the fact that discourse is translated into certain genres, and genres, in turn, are always included into a certain discourse field, authors propose the idea that the engineering discourse provides a series of particular core genres which reflect the values, strategy and information of engineering communication and make it distinct from the scientific discourse. The paper addresses the distinguishing characteristics in lexical organization of the technical standard to reveal the fact that the genre of standard meets the goals of engineering communication. Material and methods. As the empiric material of the research 184 pages of running Russian standards for the engineering technology and equipment were used. The texts of the standards were exploited as the subject matter for discourse analysis. Content analysis as a general research technique provided the identification of the quantitative aspect in the lexical structure of technical standards. The efficiency of this technique was proven by international schools of discourse analysis and by national researchers as well. Results and discussion. The analysis of the lexical structure of standards revealed the key discursive aspects of the studied genre, which identified the standard as a core genre of engineering discourse. Conclusion. As to performed analysis, the technical standard genre meets the primary goal of professional communication in the engineering field. The peculiar characteristics of the genre studied are determined by the demands of discourse and communicative situation as well. Keywords: engineering discourse, institutional discourse, LSP, speech genres | 576 | |||||
6253 | The aim of work is to know how the project activity development dynamics of first-year students of psychological and pedagogical departments could be arranged and prove suggestions of project activity development levels: reproductive, productive, constructive. Based on the previous research and experience of working with future teachers, we suggest a hypothesis that in order to organize learning academic activity of children, a student needs to discover his/her own logic of pedagogical project, which, besides the commonly known project stages of idea – implementation – result also includes discovery of pedagogical principles as the main essence of professional knowledge instead of using a ready pattern. The content analysis method was used which collect data associates with the student’s ability to project activities. The work describes the results of the experiment in which participated 76 first-year students of the Institute of Pedagogy, Psychology and Sociology of the Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Professional Education “Siberian Federal University”, including 52 students from two experimental groups of psycho-pedagogical direction and 24 students from the control group of pedagogical direction of training. The results show that the progress in project activity development of experimental group students differs significantly from the progress in project activity development of control group students. Therefore, it is only the focused work of the teacher intended to develop and implement the pedagogical project ideas, based on the open search dialogue activity principles discovered and formulated by students, that brings them to such results as early as during the first year of studies. Keywords: development, project activity, activity approach, project activity development levels | 575 | |||||
6254 | Introduction. The article offers a genre aspect of the study of regional media texts on the social group of the Russian society nominated “elderly people”. The aim of the study is to identify the lexical, pragmatic, stylistic originality of the texts of regional network media about an elderly person. Material and methods. The analysis methods used: semantic analysis of words and utterances, stylistic analysis of the utterance and text, communicative and pragmatic analysis. Research material: 86 texts posted on the websites of regional news agencies “Omsk Here” (43 texts) and “Super Omsk” (43 texts) in the period from July 11, 2017 to April 8, 2018. The selection of empirical material was carried out according to the criterion of the presence in them of the combination of “elderly person” and the token “pensioner”. The working hypothesis of the study was the assumption that the content of regional online media about an elderly person will be dominated by informational and analytical genres, as well as negative topics. Results and discussion. The results of the study confirmed the working hypothesis. A thematic, stylistic, pragmatic analysis of the texts of regional network media with the subject area “elderly people” revealed genre monotony and diffuseness (dominance of the genre notes with and without an analytical component), combining different genre features (information note, monitoring, interview, review); the shift of genre forms towards information structures; prevalence of official business style; lack of imaginative means of expression; weak individualization of the style (uniformity of the lexical composition; strengthening the negative effect of the effect of the type through the use of strategies of informing and emotionally evaluative type). The study also showed the dominance of the informational genre group, in particular the notes, in which the author’s desire to present an objective, supported by concrete facts view of an elderly person is realized. The genres of a note, a subject interview, a commentary on a regional media discourse about older people are “tied” to topics of health and criminal accidents, for which a syncretic functional style is used, combining the features of official business and journalistic styles. Conclusion. The combination of the two styles allows journalists to be as short, informative and accurate as possible (features of an official business style), but at the same time with a fair amount of emotion, clear and simple (features of a journalistic style) convey information to the general reader about an elderly person. Keywords: regional media discourse, speech influence, media text, elderly person | 575 | |||||
6255 | Introduction. In rapid computerization and mathematization of almost all areas of knowledge the mathematical training of students at a higher education institution must be of an anticipatory nature and be aimed at obtaining results that will be in demand in a technologized society. Modern society requires the individual skills of self-organization, self-development, self-regulation, self-control, self-education, etc. These tasks can be successfully solved in the process of mathematical training of students with the competent organization of the educational process. Material and methods. The basis for the substantiation and implementation of the principle of refocusing the mathematical training process of the university students from “teaching maths” to “teaching by maths” was based on the methods of theoretical and empirical research. Results and discussion. The main tasks of high-quality mathematical education of students, which a modern university is facing today, are considered. Mathematics is characterized as a science and a body of knowledge; a language of research and modeling for solving problems in various fields of knowledge; a system of organization of thinking. The object, subject, methods and properties of mathematics are highlighted. The fundamental functions of students’ mathematical training are revealed: teaching mathematics – involving mastering the system of mathematical knowledge and skills, the formation of mathematical competence; teaching by mathematics – aimed at the intellectual development of students, formation of logical thinking, development of mathematical literacy, etc. The implementation of the principle “learning by mathematics” in the electronic educational environment is characterized through the integration of the content of mathematical courses with specialized disciplines; the choice of the type and method of presentation of educational material not only for carrying out calculations, but for visualizing abstract mathematical concepts and knowledge; differentiation and personification of teaching mathematics through the using non-linear methods and various types of presentation depending on the psycho-physiological characteristics, cognitive styles of students, professional area, including taking into account health features (persons with disabilities). Conclusion. The results of the study showed that refocusing the mathematical training process of the university students from “teaching maths” to “teaching by maths” through the organization of training within electronic educational environment allows students to assimilate the system of mathematical knowledge and skills, actively apply the methods of mathematical research; quickly adapt to the changing conditions of modern society and production, acquiring the necessary competencies for professional activities in the process of solving various applied problems. Keywords: mathematics, mathematical training, functions of mathematical training, teaching mathematics, teaching by mathematics, electronic educational environment, student, higher educational institutions | 573 | |||||
6256 | The paper examines the questions of solving problems of using potential of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) technology for organization of educational process in a classical university, which is specialized on fundamental preparation of students in various areas of physics. Shows the experience of preparation of PBL-implantation project at one of the university’s departments. Presents the results of determination of problems of transitional management in order to implicate PBL technology in organization of educational process. The article focuses on definition of problems of university departments’ directors and educational programs at a classical university. Keywords: PBL, educational management, fundamental education, physics | 572 | |||||
6257 | Introduction. The article deals with the vocabulary of the modern journalistic text. The basis for the study are the German-language newspaper articles, which relate to the thematic category “politics”, the content of which reflects the changes in the political life of the country. The method of continuous sampling was the selection of appropriate lexical units from the data sources. The scientific novelty of the research consists in understanding the processes occurring in the word formation of the modern German language. Material and methods. Newspaper lexemes are the object of study. The goal-setting criterion in the work is the word-formation analysis of language material. In this regard, the most productive in modern German language turned out to be such methods of word-formation as word composition and word production. The revealed structural types of composites, a detailed description of their composition occupy a significant place in the work. The frequency components of such vocabulary in modern newspaper political texts are anglicisms. Internal bonding mechanisms influence the formation of the complex structure of composite units. In addition, the authors made an attempt to more or less generalize the semantics of the words that form the composites. The word-formation characteristic of the political newspaper lexicon takes into account the part of speech of the lexical units inherent in some grammatical features. The subject of research in the work, along with complex words, are also derived lexemes. Among them, derivative nouns as well as verbs predominate. Affixes, most of which are suffixes, are frequency ones. The methodological component of this study includes as the main method of component analysis, the method of wordformation models, descriptions. In summing up the results of the study, a quantitative method was used. Conclusion. The results of the study show the dominant position of the compound words revealed in the Germanlanguage political newspaper vocabulary. Borrowings from English are productive. Presented in General, the scientific justification can be used in the course of lexicology of the German language. The data obtained as a result of the study can be used in the preparation of analyses and reviews of trends in the development of modern German word formation. In conclusion, the prospects for further development of issues related to the word-formation specifics of the German-language journalistic vocabulary are outlined. Keywords: German-language newspaper lexemes, compounding, Englishisms, derivative words, structure, semantics | 572 | |||||
6258 | Introduction. The paper explores the articles in the German mass-media describing the events of World War II. Material and methods. The articles published in the German newspapers Süddeutsche Zeitung, Die Welt and the Russian translation of these articles from the site ИноСМИ.ru serve as the material for the analysis. The following methods were used: content-analysis as a kind of content and semantic direction, linguistic and stylistic method in two of its variations – lexical and stylistic and lexical and semantic analysis, linguistic and pragmatic and cognitive and discursive methods. Results and discussion. Confabulated character of the articles which aim to revise the history is represented through the concepts DECEPTION and PROPAGANDA. The damaging character of the revisionist materials is intensified through the usage of the negative tactic of accusation which in the intercultural political area may not be explicitly depicted on the lexical level but be rendered from the stylistics and rhetoric of this or that genre. The destructive character of the publications is determined by the conceptual opposition of the political discourse ‘friendfoe’ and is manifested in the discussion of the events not only belonging to the past but inherent to the modern geopolitical situation. In the materials of this kind all features of the fake (deepfake) message are present which let us interpret them as functioning in the framework of the post-truth phenomenon. Conclusion. One of the most powerful weapons of the information and psychological warfare are the attempts to “deconfabulate” the history. The repertoire of information and psychological warfare’s means embraces the past events and the modern geopolitical situation. The media-discourse in general and mass-media particularly is a great instrument of forming a public opinion and transmitting these or those axiological priorities. In the context of modern information confrontation it is important to prevent the situation when the journalism of facts is substituted by the journalism of opinions. In this respect the analysis of the revisionist publications plays a great role in terms of studying the linguistic and extra-linguistic mechanisms of discrediting the past. Keywords: World War II, information and psychological warfare, revisionism, German mass-media, mediadiscourse | 571 | |||||
6259 | The article considers the experiment concerning students’ abilities of spatial thinking and the ways to facilitate development of spatial thinking skill in the study of cartography. On the basis of the experimental tasks the author comes to a conclusion that students have got lower intermediate and elementary levels of spatial thinking abilities. The testing process reveals shortcomings in spatial thinking abilities, among those are creating images and manipulating them while solving the classroom tasks. The knowledge of abilities in manipulating spatial images might help reinforce cartography learning. In order to overcome difficulties and gain skills in cartography students’ abilities might be facilitated by fulfilling a bunch of thoroughly selected exercises such as “Topographical dictation”, “Terrain plan making”, “Terrain orientation”, “Identifying object according its description”, “Geographic globe” etc. Keywords: spatial thinking, manipulating of spatial images, terrain orientation, cartography, topographic map, visualization | 570 | |||||
6260 | The article deals with the plant names motivated by their habitat. The study relies on regional and common names that belong to Russian and German traditional nomenclatures of plants and derive from animal names by a metonymic transfer. The author reveals common and particular bases of such transfer. First of all, the transfer may take place in both Russian and German if habitat of a plant concurs with habitat of an animal. Such correlation implies seven coincident habitats. Five of them are common in Russian and German. They are 1) woods, 2) fields and meadows, 3) waters, 4) marshes and 5) shadow places. The one habitat specific in Russian is steppe; the one specific in German is rocks and mountains. The other common bases of metonymic transfer are ‘habitat of a plant concurs with shelter of an animal, and concurs with a place animal usually prefers to stay or visit. To the specific German bases belong the following two: habitat of a plant concurs with pasture of an animal; and habitat of a plant concurs with a place for animal to breed. Another aim of the article is to show how important the ethnocultural background is for plants’ nomination. Common symbolism in Russian and German ethnocultures have such animals and birds like wolf, bear, deer, hare, snake, frog, toad, duck, swan and crane. That is the reason plants with similar habitat have similar names in both languages. Different ethnocultural meaning have elk, woodpecker, raven, crow and magpie (in Russian); as well as chamois, fox, cuckoo, stork, swine, cow, sheep and goat (in German). Keywords: nomination, habitat, metonymic transfer, plant name, animal name, ethnoculture, the traditional nomenclature of plants | 570 | |||||
6261 | This article presents special aspects of discursive organization of the public dialog. Based on the texts of the radio is analyzed cognitive and communicative mechanisms of creating models of communicative cooperation of the author / the journalist / the presenter of entertainment shows and the addressee (the programme member). Interactive dialogical model is analyzed as analogue of all discourse in this synergic and system manifestation. Situational model of communicative interaction is studied from the perspective of frame structure. This demonstrated the specificity of the combination and the correlation of personal experience of the axiologiness and discursive determinations. The explication of axiological zone of the discourse of the radio is in the community of entertainment effect of the communication for contextual models. Keywords: radio discourse, model of communicative cooperation of the author and the addressee, axiologiness, dialogical frames | 568 | |||||
6262 | Introduction. The main point of the paper is innovative changes in education. The authors suppose that the initiator and the mechanism of these changes may become the master training at the pedagogical university. In this case, this training needs a structural and content transformation, the essential elements of which are presented in the thematic blocks of this article. Results and discussion. Selection of the field of communications as a metasubject activity becomes a challenge for professional training, encourages a rethinking of the educational work, which is consistent with the second stage of higher education. These include the creation in the master’s program of innovatively oriented training programs in which new forms of knowledge and educational interaction will be tested. Such a form is in line with the development and implementation of the visual epistemology in the educational process, as well as with the use of metadisciplinary semiotic structures in the design of the educational process. It is proved that it is impossible to acquire new metasubject competence in the context of the implementation of traditional didactic schemes. Conclusion. The contents offered by the authors are not ready-made solutions, but are sets of heuristics aimed at actualizing the discussion about the meaning and purpose of the master’s level of teacher training. The proposed modification assumes the creation of design-development directions (programs and training courses) at the institute of magistracy, in which innovative orientation acts both as a goal and as a content of education. The learning content includes two substructural elements: deconstructive and constructive. A form of their implementation is the joint activity of participants in the educational process. Keywords: innovative education, master training, visual epistemology, metasubject practical competency, fictional semiotic designs, case study | 568 | |||||
6263 | One of the main purposes of modern higher education in Russia is developing a creative personality. However, traditional teaching methods are not able to train students for creative professional work. We see the solution to this problem in employing Creative writing, which conduces to development of students’ creative skills and to effective teaching of writing in a foreign language. The notion “Creative writing” is specified. Diverse approaches to interpretation of this notion are analyzed. The present article considers the possibilities of using technique “Creative writing with music” for creating student’s individual texts at German lessons at non-linguistic universities: firstly, music as a stimulus for writing texts, secondly, a musical fantastic travel. Finally, the key findings are analyzed. Keywords: Creative writing, techniques of Creative writing, Creative writing with the use of music, teaching methods of writing in a foreign language, development of creative skills | 567 | |||||
6264 | The article considers the issues of education of schoolchildren through interagency cooperation and participation of public structures on the example of the Irkutsk region. Insufficient involvement of children was explained as a result of insufficient financing, shortage of qualified personnel, reluctance of pupils to participate in the work. It is shown that in the region, while maintaining traditional links between the various departments in matters of education appeared new forms of interaction between education authorities and public organizations. Thereby, on the base of existing positive experience of interaction with agencies and public, education authorities must interact more actively with social movements and business structures, encourage pedagogues and public figures whose activity is connected with involvement and work with children in public associations. Keywords: education, public structures, children’s and youth public associations, Federation of Children’s Organizations, democratization of education, the public, public participation, public institutions, Student Self- Government, additional education of children | 566 | |||||
6265 | Introduction. The article examines one of the forms of speech aggression presented in Internet communication. Trolling is a phenomenon that develops along with new Internet technologies, is characteristic exclusively of network discourse and is embodied in provocative remarks. Trolling is a form of speech aggression, it is due to the nature of the Internet discourse. The purpose of the article is to study trolling as one of the forms of speech aggression in Internet communication. Material and methods. The material was publications and comments in the community of Russian schoolchildren on the Vkontakte social network. Discourse analysis became the main method. When selecting the material, the method of continuous sampling was applied. Results and discussion. The article actualizes the manifestation of speech aggression in the network communication of Russian schoolchildren, in particular, trolling techniques, strategies and tactics, through which this form of speech aggression is implemented, are considered and characterized. Among the techniques of provocative behavior most frequently used by schoolchildren on the Internet, one can single out the technique of refuting public opinion through oppositional statements and the technique of getting personal. The main strategy of trolling is the strategy of provocation, which is implemented through various tactics: ridiculing the opponent, tactics of total denial and a sharp change in the behavior of the communicant. Trolling as a form of speech aggression in Internet communication always finds its expression in provocative remarks. According to its linguo-pragmatic status, trolling is a statement based on the potential for conflict. This form of speech aggression is realized as a conflict communicative act that can develop according to several scenarios. Community themes determine the use of provocative remarks within the framework of trolling concerning specific areas of school life. The main goal of network provocateurs is always a communicative conflict. Conclusion. The relevance of the study of speech aggression in the school environment is dictated by the fact that the Internet is by far the most popular communication platform for adolescents. In addition, virtual discourse has become the area where verbal aggression finds its most vivid expression. Keywords: speech aggression, trolling, provocation, Internet communication, conflict | 566 | |||||
6266 | Notions reading and writing from J.-P. Sartre’s autobiographical tale The Words (Les Mots) are considered in their relation to representing an authorial ego and to existential experience of an autobiographical character, which undergoes authorial formation by going through various stages of reading and writing. Individual literary evolution is specified by its correlation with literary evolution in general. There studied how the mechanism of writing is paradoxically described in the narrative and the way it performs the summit of a single ego’s fulfillment along with the ego’s estrangement and vanishing into generality at the same time. There also revealed an analogy between forming an autobiographical character’s reading and writing habit and his experiencing the notion of death. Sartre’s parting from literature in The Words is explained in connection with R. Barthes concept of “Death of the author”. Keywords: J.-P. Sartre, The Words (Les Mots), autobiographical character, authorial ego, reading and writing, literary evolution | 565 | |||||
6267 | Introduction. The study of the issues of social and pedagogical support of students in the conditions of a modern university; the study of their expectations in this regard is because all students need such support. Students of pedagogical areas are especially in dire need, the majority of whom, as a rule, come from a family of teachers who themselves need strong social support from the state. The problem is compounded by the fact that in the Kyrgyz Republic issues of supporting pedagogy have not been studied both theoretically and practically. Material and methods. Based on the foregoing, the purpose of the article is to determine the essence and content of the socio-pedagogical support of students, to reflect their expectations in this regard and to determine further ways of implementing the considered aspect in the preparation of teaching staff. The study used theoretical and empirical methods (analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature on the topic, observation, survey, interviews, questionnaires, the study of documentation and experience in organizing students’ life at four universities of the Kyrgyz Republic). All these methods were used to study the state of the theory of socio-pedagogical support and the expectations of students in the conditions of a modern university. Results and discussion. Studying the problem of social and pedagogical support of students shows that modern students who study at the pedagogical faculties of universities of the Kyrgyz Republic need social and pedagogical support. That means: pedagogical assistance in organizing students’ life, enhancement of culture of behavior in a multinational environment, developing leadership qualities, psycho-pedagogical assistance in establishing contacts in the student environment, etc., on which the effectiveness of training future teaching staff in a university depends. Conclusion. The results of the study show that the problem of social and pedagogical support for students today remains one of the important aspects of the activities of universities, as it is related to providing assistance in the social, educational, spiritual development of students and is one of the important conditions for the preparation of future teachers and their social development. Keywords: students, social support, pedagogical support, students’ expectations, influence of the educational environment, pedagogical branches, training of future teachers | 565 | |||||
6268 | Introduction. The article focuses on different statements concerning Joseph Brodsky’s original English poetry made by English and American critics, poets and translators. Aim and objectives. The paper aims to classify, systematize and critically value those statements, which can be described as occasional and unsystematic. Material and methods. The research is based on statements concerning Brodsky’s original English poetical works made by foreign English-speaking philologists, critics and poets. All the statements are found in variety of different interviews and books dedicated to Brodsky’s life and work. The methods used in the research are as follows: frontal analysis and content analysis, comparative method. Results and discussion. Brodsky’s English verses are yet to be studied as for researchers neglect such an important component of Brodsky’s works, which however is to help construct the whole picture of one’s esthetic thinking to its logical whole. As long as philologists traditionally concentrate on Brodsky’s Russian verses, English essays and (self) translations, this paper addresses Brodsky’s original English poetry as a phenomenon craving for deeper scientific understanding. The article brings the light on the reasons determined Brodsky’s turn toward English which can be divided into three groups: esthetic, utilitarian and linguistic ones. Brodsky’s attitude towards his own English verses was complicated. Creating original English poetical texts was like so-called play in versification and prosody with the using of new linguistic tools. He admitted in English prosody ability of rhyming short English lexical elements in broad variety of possible combinations, using impossible in Russian rhythmical and syntactic structures, experimenting with prosody. The paper provides review of statements addressing Brodsky’s original English poetry. All the statements are divided into groups according to geographical, linguistic and professional areas of the authors they were made by. The majority of studying statements are occasional and unsystematic, united however with some same features. Even supporters of Brodsky’s English poetry were forced to mention a bunch of imperfections in Brodsky’s English, stylistic mistakes and too Russian being of his English verses. One of the main grievance about Brodsky’s English verses is his incorrect using of English idiomatic elements. Many underline interferential and interconditional nature of English and Russian languages in Brodsky’s verses. Some consider this feature to be unacceptable, others as a unique style of bilingual author. Conclusion. Finally the article concludes that Joseph Brodsky was a two-cultured and two-language representative: Russian and English. Despite all the deviation in opinion of critics, poets and translators, the majority of them focus solemnly on linguistic level of Brodsky’s English verses. It’s worth noticing the lack of esthetic interpretation of Brodsky’s English poetry. The upcoming research can provide an answer to a question: does Brodsky’s world view remain the same in his English poetry or did it change subsequent to the language? Keywords: Joseph Brodsky, Russian poetry, English poetry, critics of poetry, analysis of poetical text | 564 | |||||
6269 | In this paper the authors present the municipal activity of Tomsk in the area of developing a model for the integration of the youth community in the context of addressing the tasks of primary prevention of drug addiction. The fundamentals of the model as well as the stages of its development are substantiated. The administrational and methodical resourcing and the pattern of interaction of subjects, engaged in accomplishing the set objectives, are determined. The authors also present empirical data reflecting the outcome of efficiency evaluation of the municipal expertise in involvement of youth in the processes of primary prevention of drug addiction within the city environment. The method of published sources analysis, the expert evaluation method, survey, and modelling have been applied for the purpose of this paper. Keywords: youth, primary prevention of drug addiction, youth community, integration of resources | 563 | |||||
6270 | The article considers the problem of applying the method of “people’s diplomacy” as a means of political struggle in the process of recognition of new states in the former Soviet Union, in particular the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR). Presented in this article analysis of the application of this method by the social labour organization of Transnistria – Joint council of labor collectives shows that this organization was the initiator, organizer and main driving force of the struggle for legal recognition of the Pridnestrovian republic within the Republic of Moldova. The article gives an idea of the methods and results of applying the method of “people’s diplomacy” in the fight against the self-proclaimed republic in its political recognition during the collapse of the Soviet Union. These data can serve as an additional source of information about the period of the creation of new states in the former Soviet Union. Keywords: public diplomacy; Joint Council of labor collectives; democratic state; Union Treaty | 563 | |||||
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6272 | Considers the problem of development of value orientations of adoptive parents. Offers a look at the structure of value orientations of successful and unsuccessful adoptive parents. It is believed that the level of development of value orientations of the parents determines the logic of the reasons for the adoption. The increase in the level of development of value orientations of the adoptive parents is associated with the specifics of adaptation and socialization of childrenorphans. It is believed that the development of value orientations of adoptive parents not only ensures the efficiency of adaptation of children-orphans, but also contributes to their personal development. Keywords: value orientation, foster parents, adaptation, constructive aspects of motivation, destructive motivation | 563 | |||||
6273 | Introduction. This article describes the use of phraseological units with the word component “time” on the basis of texts from the literary works of the English writer Margaret Drabble (1939). Aim and objectives. The article aims to describe the actual usage of modern English phraseological units with the component “time”. The author’s language within the scope of the chosen material is considered as well. Material and methods. The research material includes main novels of the author of the sixties and seventies of the twentieth century and two modern novels: “Garrick Year” (1964), “The Millstone” (1965) “Jerusalem the Golden” (1967), “The Needle’s Eye” (1972), “The Realms of Gold” (1975), “The Ice Age” (1977), “The Sea Lady” (2006), “The Pure Gold Baby” (2013). Results and discussion. The article considers phaseological contexts in detail concerning their semantics and style. Set expressions are distinguished by the following meaning: repeatability, duration, time interval, time point, time relations, time scale and subjectively estimated time. Within each group there is an additional separation by differential seme. Repeatability: constantly, often, sometimes, never. Duration: long, very long, short, very short. Time period: a certain or indefinite period, characterized by an activity or condition. Time point: favorable, unfavorable. Temporary relations: the beginning / end of an action, simultaneity, precedence, sequence, advance, at the time arranged, late and almost late. Timeline: present, past, future. Subjectively estimated time: long or short, pleasant or unpleasant. Conclusion. Phraseological contexts are found in normal and occasional forms. Features of the author’s style are especially evident in occasional forms of use. The actual material and conclusions of this work can be applied in teaching special aspects of phraseological stylistics and the use of modern English set expressions in speech. Keywords: component “time”; set expression; author’s style; phraseological unit | 563 | |||||
6274 | Introduction. The relevance of the study is determined by the situation in the education system, when the active participation of members of the professional pedagogical community into the discussion of documents in the field of education on special Internet portals has become a bright positive trend in recent years. The aim of the study was to examine the motives of Internet users participating in such discussions. Material and methods. The edu.crowdexpert.ru web portal contains 17 government documents, in which 99,027 people participated. The motivation for participation, as well as other characteristics of the sample, were studied using a specially designed questionnaire, which was answered by 362 respondents. Results and discussion. It turned out that not only for teachers and administrations of educational organizations, but also for other school employees and simply active and interested in issues of education of Russian citizens, a desire to take an active part in the discussion of documents regulating the educational activities of the country is characteristic. As a result of the study, it was found that the main motives for participation in the public discussion of documents in the field of education were (in descending order of importance): personal interest to the discussed problem, the desire for professional growth and development, the desire to gain useful experience in discussing socially significant problems, the desire to improve professional status, the desire to get intellectual pleasure and the possibility of communicating with colleagues. With a high level of motivation to participate in the discussion of documents regulating the activities of the education system, the degree of the impact about many of the respondents is estimated low enough. Conclusion. The further direction of research can be the study of prospects and points of growth of Internet resources, which are organized to discuss important documents in the field of education within social and professional expertise because it gives an opportunity of real influence of professional community on the state meeting of education challenges, public legitimization of these decisions, creation of mechanisms of formation of public opinion and determination of ways of development of Russian system of education. Keywords: motivation, problems of education, teachers, motives for participating into the discussion of state documents, expert review of Internet resourse users, professional education community | 562 | |||||
6275 | Introduction. The history of general and pedagogical education in Russia always attracts the interest of researchers, and this is connected with the modern processes of reform of the domestic educational system, they should be supported by historical experience. The purpose of this article is to reconstruct and generalize the experience of the State Duma of the Russian Empire in reforming pedagogical education. Material and methods. The material of the research is historical sources of various origins whose use makes it possible to form an objective view of the development of education in Russia and to re-evaluate the risks and genetic problems in the solution of modern problems of educational reform. General scientific and special historical methods of research are used. Results and discussion. With the establishment of the State Duma in Russian society, there were hopes for positive changes in the development of science and education. The State Duma of the first two convocations began a debate on education: The State Duma of the third convocation has done a great deal, and contemporaries praised its results in this area. Education was the subject of heated debate among deputies of different political factions. All deputies advocated the development of school business, the opening of teachers’ seminaries, institutes, courses, the raising of the status and salary of teachers, but disagreed on the forms and methods of achieving the goal. During the existence of the III Duma, several important normative documents concerning the development of pedagogical education have been adopted. Draft Regulations on Women’s Teachers’ Seminars, discussed over six months, were approved by both Houses of Parliament and approved on 1 July 1908. The Draft Regulations on Women’s Teachers’ Seminars were approved by both Houses of Parliament. As a temporary option for solving the personnel problems of primary schools until the opening of the required number of teacher training institutes and seminaries, on June 6, 1909, a decision was made and highly approved to open two-year pedagogical courses at city schools. One month later, on 10 July, a proposal for temporary teacher training courses for secondary school teachers was accepted. The next step in solving the personnel problem of secondary school was the draft law on “Rules on testing of female persons in knowledge of the course of higher educational establishments and on their acquisition of scientific degrees and titles of female teachers of gymnasiums” which was discussed by the Duma in January 1911 and approved on 25 February. Successfully passed in the Duma and the legislative act on “the establishment of one-year and short-term courses for the preparation of teachers and female teachers of secondary educational institutions”, which on March 29, 1911 was considered and already adopted on July 3. A special place among the projects developed by the commission on public education was occupied by proposals for the transformation of teachers ‘seminaries and teachers’ institutes, which should have had a positive effect on the cultural development of the country, but the bill was discussed for a long time, first in the Third Duma, then in the Fourth Duma, but did not find support. Work in the Fourth Duma on the reform of teacher education institutions was interrupted by the outbreak of world war. Conclusion. Thus, the desire of broad sectors of Russian society and, above all, of the educational community for effective educational activities was reflected in the work of the deputies of the State Duma at the beginning of the last century. The first two Dumas proved to be opposed to the Government and demonstrated the mutual inhospitability of society and the authorities to make concessions, which delayed decision-making even on such obvious issues as the fight against illiteracy. The results of the activities of the Third Duma were the most productive, however, due to the large number of discussions on private issues, the deputies did not have time to complete work on many important bills in the field of education. In the fourth Duma, even the draft laws that had already been drafted were first reviewed and, with the outbreak of the world war, forgotten or rejected, among the latter being the bills to reform the educational system. During the Soviet period, the basic provisions of the draft laws on teacher’s institutes and seminaries were reintroduced, but they were interpreted in the light of the principles of a unified labour school and the education of teachers of the new formation. Keywords: teacher education, teacher training, teacher seminary, teacher training institute, teacher training courses, State Duma, Russian Empire | 562 | |||||
6276 | The article is devoted to the actual problem of optimization of the sports result of young athletes in conditions of additional education. The purpose of the work is to reveal the features of the normalization of physical activity of young athletes using the system approach through the management of structural formations of the training process. In the work the features of the organization of the educational process in the children and youth sports school are revealed with the use of the system approach in achieving the sporting result. The management of structural formations of the training process in the system of additional education becomes a system-forming factor in the training of qualified athletes, since it solves many problems of improving absolutely all the components of physical fitness of a beginner athlete. Methodical approaches to the organization of training sessions for young athletes in water sports have been developed, based on the management of structural formations of the training process. The results of the pedagogical experiment make it possible to specify certain effective approaches, forms, methods and tools used in the classroom. During the work, the following methods of scientific research were used: analysis of scientific, sports, methodological literature; analysis of best practices, modeling methods, pedagogical experiment. Research materials can be used in the practice of trainers. Keywords: system approach, normalization of physical loads, structural formations of the training process and exercises, modeling of the sport result | 561 | |||||
6277 | Introduction. The article describes the changes in ideas on the family and the role of woman in public consciousness at the end of the nineteenth century. The aim and objectives. The aim of this work is to study the reflection of female emancipation process in Russian and German society at the end of the nineteenth century. Material and methods. The material for research is the novel by L. N. Tolstoy “Anna Karenina” and the novel by Th. Fontane “Effi Briest”. The analytical and descriptive, comparative, cultural and historical methods are used in this work. Results and discussion. In the last quarter of the nineteenth century, European and Russian society faced the crisis of the family institution. The global historical, political, socioeconomic and ideological changes had their influence on the understanding of the role and place of women. The problem of women emancipation is widely represented in the works of the European and Russian writers of the given period. L. N. Tolstoy in the novel “Anna Karenina” gives a critical eye to the state of the “family matter”. The writer indicates the discredit of the traditional ideas on marriage in the society of Moscow’s and Petersburg’s nobility. L. N. Tolstoy exposes the hypocrisy of nobles, vicious in all spheres of life (official, family, economical spheres) but advocating for decency. In “Anna Karenina” we see how inequitable social gender roles are. The heroine of the novel was rejected not due to the adultery, but because of the aspiration to live openly. The conflict of the emancipated person against the ossified society becomes a plot engine in “Effi Briest” novel by the German writer. We found the coincidence of the key personality traits of the Th. Fontane and L. N. Tolstoy protagonists. The unifying quality is the ambition, based on the undisclosed emotional potential of a woman from noble society. If the social ground of Anna Karenina’s tragedy in the Tolstoy novel is the hypocrisy of the high society, the Effi Briest catastrophe is due to (in Fontane’s opinion) misconception of honour in the German noble society. Similar features are found in the male characters of the novels. However, there is a moral superiority of Karenin over Instetten that can be explained by peculiarities of the mentality. Conclusion. The comparative analysis of L. N. Tolstoy’s and Th. Fontane’s works allows us to conclude that there is coincidence of the created social and psychological situation and the characters’ emotional reactions to similar collisions without proven interference of the texts. In both works, developing women’s emancipation is portrayed as a complicated and dramatic process, which testifies to the epoch’s crisis. Keywords: L. N. Tolstoy, Th. Fontane, novel, emancipation, adultery | 561 | |||||
6278 | The article summarizes the rules of Italian troops in assuring the fascist “New Order” in temporarily occupied territories of Soviet Union. In particular, aiming to provide a general overview, author raises two questions: the degree of involvement of the Italian 8th Army in Axis’ security policies and the competence of the Italians to perform security functions in USSR. The survey methodology is based on cross-control checking of the records labelled in archives of Italy and Russia. Analyzing dozen archival documents concerning the Italian 8th Army, author describes the real role of division “Vicenza” and the implementation of security policies in the areas of deployment, proving that Italian soldiers were active involved in anti-guerrilla operations. Keywords: Second World War, Eastern front, Italian 8th Army, anti-partisan operations | 560 | |||||
6279 | Introduction. The article discusses the peculiarities of studying phraseological units of the Russian language by Kyrgyz students. The methodological and linguodidactic foundations of studying Russian phraseology by Kyrgyz schoolchildren in the context of a Russian literary work are investigated. The purpose of the study is to analyze the phraseological units of a work of art and develop methods and techniques for mastering them in the Kyrgyz audience. Material and methods. The text of the play by A. N. Ostrovsky’s “The Storm”, in which special attention was paid to phraseological units and their functions performed in the context of this literary work. The work was carried out by means of an exploratory and research method, a method of comparison and classification of phraseological units, a method of interpretive and linguocultural analysis. Results and discussion. In this study, on the basis of a literary text, the features of the contextual functions of phraseological units in the speech of characters are revealed. An algorithm for working with phraseological units in the process of reading a literary work is being built. Methods and techniques are determined, thanks to which the work is interpreted, and, as a result, interest in Russian literature and culture of Kyrgyz schoolchildren is formed. The result of our research is a number of techniques that can be applied in practice in the process of reading a Russian literary text and studying phraseological units by Kyrgyz students. Conclusion. Understanding the semantics of words, their functional meaning in the context of a work can ensure the correct reading and successful interpretation of the literary text of Russian literature by Kyrgyz students. In this regard, in the lessons of the Russian language and literature, work with ethnocultural vocabulary (in our case, with phraseological units) should be carefully organized. Keywords: Russian as non-native language; Kyrgyz school; phraseology of the Russian language; context of a work of art | 559 | |||||
6280 | The article deals with the foundation and development of underground archeology in Russia. It includes a review of historiography of the researches issue, establishment of the discipline methodology and practical execution of the first underground archeological expeditions. The author uses popular language to emphasize the need to take a more balanced approach to saving the underground cultural heritage in Russia, need to engage only highly qualified specialists in excavations and increasing liability for unlawful excavations at archeological landmarks. It is dedicated to the search and research of underwater archaeological sites identified with the ancient Greek settlement in the northern Black Sea coast of the ancient times. The description of the process of its exploration and colonization is illustrated by the myth of the Argonauts and by different underwater archeological finds. On this basis the author supposes that in XV–XIV centuries b.c. the Black Sea area has been already explored enough by ancient navigators. Keywords: Underground archology methods, expeditions activities, historiography of research into underground cultural heritage landmarks, EPRON at service of USSR humanitarian science | 558 | |||||
6281 | Introduction. The revival of religious drama in the modern Russian children and youth literature, that began in the 2000–2010s, is being investigated. The specific genre features of the hagiological plays, which were peculiar to school drama in Russia of the17–18th centuries, are being examined. Material and methods. Hagiological plays for children and youth God is Wonderful in His Saints and White Angel of Moscow, written by R. V. Koshurnikova are used as material for the research. Comparative-historical and comparative-typological methods are used for the study of artwork. Results and discussion. In the 17th century, in the period of the emergence and functioning of such a variety of clerical genres as drama about the saints, the formation of its steady dramatic and epic structure took place. The specifics of hagiographic plots, their narrative, associated with historical and biographical content, including a wide range of chronologically developing events of the saint’s life from birth to death, which are often presented against the background of important historical events of the described epoch, led to the strong association of hagiographic plots with epic genres – hagiography. The hagiographic plot, taken from living narratives, retained its epic genre-forming potential and, when it was falling into a different genre system of drama it washed away the dramatic nature of the plays. In the modern dramas about the saints the genre memory of hagiographic drama formed in the 17th century is preserved. Conclusion. Hagiological plays of the modern children’s writer R. V. Koshurnikova reveal the same specific genre features as in the period of formation and functioning of religious drama in Russian literature of the 17th century. The increase in the volume and role of extra-textual elements (remarks), fragments of an extensive narrative text, designed as monologues of characters expands the epic layer in the dramatic text and leads to the diffusion of the genre nature in the plays of the Siberian writer. Keywords: hagiographic play, genre, chapter, lives of saints for children, R. V. Koshurnikova, school drama | 558 | |||||
6282 | Introduction. The features of the lexical representation of the idea of national unity in publicistic and advertising texts are considered. The relevance of the study is due to the current state of the field of social communication, in particular, the unlimited possibilities of free interaction between people due to the availability of digital technologies, as a result of which, on the one hand, various actors can in-fluence human consciousness through texts (for example, newspaper publications, advertising, etc.), on the other hand, different types of discourses reflect the peculiarities of people’s ideas about a par-ticular fragment of modern reality. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze what lexical means represent the idea of national unity in the media discourse. The object of research is journalistic and advertising texts. Material and methods. The research material was lexicographic data, text fragments extracted from the National Corpus of the Russian language and selected by the authors from media publications, polycode texts of commercial advertising. The methods of semantic-motivational reconstruction, com-ponent analysis, interpretation of contextual semantics, analysis of definitions were used. Results and discussion. Based on the study of the linguistic representation of the idea of national unity in dictionaries and speech use, the value of the non-idiomatic compound expression national unity is established, contextual markers of the idea of national unity are identified in publicistic and advertising texts. The expression national unity is considered in a series of synonymous units of national unity and national consent. It is shown that the expression national unity has a procedural meaning and pre-supposes the duration of action, and the expressions of national unity and national consent have a substantive meaning of effectiveness and a contextual synonym for national union. Based on the analysis of the definitions of the adjective national and the noun unity and their speech use as a com-posite non-idiomatic expression, the definition of national unity is formulated as ‘the state process of rallying the citizens of the country who have a common historical past, based on the interaction of the authorities and the people on the issue of solving the problems of state development and national secu-rity’. It has been established that in commercial poly-code advertising, the expression national unity is not used, but the idea of national unification is implemented implicitly. Conclusion. The authors identified language markers for promoting the idea of national unity in mod-ern commercial advertising, nominating common traditions, territory and some features of the coun-try’s socio-cultural life. It is noted that commercial advertising has significant opportunities for promot-ing national ideas; a research perspective is seen in the study of the educational possibilities of adver-tising discourse. Keywords: semantics, lexical markers, media discourse, polycode advertising text, national unity | 558 | |||||
6283 | There are considered the main means of indirect expression of human negative assessment in journalistic texts: representatives, maxims, interrogative constructions. Statements- representatives describe a state of affairs, the assessment of which is displayed through its correlation with the existing in society notions of good and bad. Statements- maxims reflect typical for national-cultural community stereotypes about the world and the man and perform the role of indirectly expressed authoritative assessment in a journalistic text. Interrogatives tatements concealing the assertion encourage the recipient to look for an answer to the question and to conclude an evaluative meaning. Indirection of evaluative intension expression provides noncategorical tonality of statements. Keywords: journalism, negative assessment, indirection, categoricalness | 557 | |||||
6284 | Introduction. The present paper introduces Russian historians of linguistics to a little-known treatise on the history of Spanish – “Del origen y principio de la lengua castellana o romance que oi se usa en España” (1606) by Bernardo de Aldrete. Aim and objectives. The aim of the present study is to analyse B. De Aldrete’s treatise and specify how certain notions of general linguistics, crucial for its present state of development, were being developed. Material and methods. The study is based on a print edition of Aldrete’s treatise (about 400-pages long). The methods employed are: critical analysis of the text as an example of Renaissance linguistic thought and sociocultural analysis of the historical context the treatise was written in. This XVII-century scientific text and its system of terms are interpreted with the help of modern terminology, as normally done by linguistic historiography scholars. Results and discussion. The analysis of Aldrete’s treatise as a specimen of Spanish linguistic thought is performed against the background of the earlier linguistic tradition and the sociocultural situation in the Golden-Age Spain. XVI–XVII-century Pyrenees linguistics – Spanish in particular – was developing in a very specific sociocultural milieu, which preconditioned its inter-paradigmatic nature and an extremely wide scope of objects and themes discussed. The paper mainly focuses on how Aldrete dealt with general linguistic issues in his treatise on the history of Spanish. The analysis shows that such issues include: ways of naming language; functions of language; diversity of forms of speech; correlations between language system and speech; historicity of language; language contacts; diatopic (territorial), diastratic (social) and diaphasic (functional) variation of language; distinguishing between dialects and languages; the domineering role of standard language. Conclusion. The author of the XVII-century historical-linguistic treatise under analysis does not limit himself to studying purely historical aspects of language. The work by Aldrete embraces a wide range of issues of general linguistics, which shows that as early as in the pre-Port-Royal period linguists were already discussing the concepts and principles that are crucial for modern linguistic science. Keywords: linguistic historiography, history of Romance linguistics, general linguistics, functions of language, language variation | 557 | |||||
6285 | Introduction. The question of the development of students’ creative abilities through the new phenomenon of facilitation has aroused increased interest on the part of the scientific and practical communities. Facilitation imposes certain requirements on the learning process. Purpose – the requirements provision theoretical analysis of the pedagogical facilitation technology to the teaching mathematics process for the students’ creative abilities development. Material and methods. The research draws on the work of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of general psychology, pedagogical facilitation and the development of creative abilities. The main research methods are study and analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem, questioning of students. Results and discussion. Pedagogical facilitation imposes such requirements on the learning process as ensuring the importance of learning, psychological security and psychological freedom, as well as the personality of the teacher and his ability to build relationships with students. A meaningful learning involves changing the personality, changing the behavior of the student due to his or her inner sensory-cognitive experience. To fulfill this requirement in teaching mathematics, you can use various facilitation tools in integration with entertaining tasks, non-traditional forms of organizing classes, and demonstrating the teacher’s respect for students. In the process of facilitation, psychological security is achieved by creating an environment that ensures the presence of trust on the part of the student, as well as the absence of fear, anxiety and other negative feelings arising from external evaluation. It is important to organize work with low-performing students, use modern pedagogical technologies to create a situation of success, and increase the level of comfort in the classroom. Psychological freedom presupposes the formation of students’ creativity, their self-expression, in the formation of which it is important to provide an opportunity to show activity, independence, responsibility. Conclusion. The results of the study make it possible to speak about the features of the organization of the educational process with ensuring the importance of learning, psychological safety and psychological freedom of students on the part of the teacher, as well as about the qualities, competence, personality of the teacher-facilitator, which increases the effectiveness of the development of creative abilities through special trusting relationships, recognition and acceptance of the students’ values, optimization of the process of joint work in the mathematics training. Keywords: creative ability, pedagogical facilitation, significance of teaching, teacher’s personality, psychological safety, psychological freedom | 557 | |||||
6286 | Introduction. The need to introduce teaching methods contributing to the development of a multilingual educational space in Russian universities is due to the necessity of increasing competitiveness of Russian higher education. Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is one of the methods for solving this problem. However, its successful implementation requires additional training of subject teachers, which implies the development of a set of necessary competencies, which in the framework of this study is defined as CLIL-competence. The objective is to define CLIL-competence of a subject teacher, describe its components, assessment criteria, and propose the ways of its development. Material and methods. The theoretical methods of comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization foreign and domestic research on competencies necessary for the high-quality CLIL-training implementation are applied. Using the method of pedagogical modeling, development of the CLIL-competence of a subject teacher and approaches to measuring its level are described on a step-by-step basis. The method of comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization of scientific and methodological literature describing the world practices of implementing CLIL, and the content of the exam TKT: CLIL have determined the content of the advanced training course aimed to develop the CLIL-competence of a subject teacher. Results and discussion. The concept of “CLIL-competence of a subject teacher” has been derived on the basis of general cultural, general professional and professional competencies necessary for a subject teacher to implement CLIL. The criteria for assessing the level of this competence and their descriptors have been developed based on the didactic principles of CLIL and the content of the exam TKT: CLIL. A pedagogical model for developing the CLILcompetence of a subject teacher has been built on the basis of the advanced training course “Teaching a subject in a foreign language based on CLIL” developed on the LMS Moodle platform. Conclusion. The effective implementation of CLIL being an approach contributing to the creation of a multilingual educational environment of a modern Russian university is associated with the need to develop an appropriate set of knowledge, skills and abilities among subject teachers, that is, a CLIL-competence. This task can be solved in the process of professional development using the method of pedagogical modeling. Keywords: CLIL, Content and Language Integrated Learning, CLIL-competence of a subject teacher, professional development, pedagogical modeling | 557 | |||||
6287 | The article analyses the preparation, the course and the focal points of the medical countermeasures of anti-alcohol campaign in Tomsk before and after 1985. Special attention is paid to educative activities, propagandistic and healthrelated measures of the All-union and local party authorities aimed at forming a negative attitude to alcoholism among the public. The paper considers both negative and positive outcomes of large-scale anti-alcohol measures, as well as the response of the part of the population to preventive and propagandistic measures. The archive materials of the Documentation Center for Contemporary History of Tomsk Region, as well as the information from the All-union, West Siberian and local periodicals provided the basis for the research. Keywords: anti-alcohol campaign of 1985–1986, periodicals, Tomsk and Tomsk region, medical institutions, therapeutic and preventive measures | 556 | |||||
6288 | Introduction. The given analysis is about 475 modern phraseological units that contribute to the formation of the phraseological picture of the world. The study examines the relationship of semantics and the form of phraseological units, due to the situation of communication. The phraseology of a language as part of the linguistic picture of the world is included in the framework of the study of cognitive linguistics. Aim. This study is aimed at identifying and describing modern phraseological units, as an example of allegorical expression in the communication process to achieve certain cognitive goals. Material and methods. The presented empirical material in the article is an actual selection from a modern literary text (Under My Skin, The Door That Led To Where, End Game, Liccle Bit, The Art of Being Normal – 2015 publication). Examples were obtained by reading fiction of modern British authors (J. Dawson, S. Gardner, A. Gibbons, A. Wheatle, L. Williamson), by the method of continuous sampling. Results and discussion. The analysis allowed us to consider the cognitive aspect of phraseological units. It is established that a broad approach to the study of phraseology expands the boundaries of phraseological doctrine and allows you to consider more structural and semantic forms of phraseological units. The following modern phraseological units are considered and analyzed in the article: phraseological units, phraseological units derivatives and author formations. The semantic features of derivatives of phraseological units and copyright formations are analyzed in the framework of modern phraseology of the English language. It is shown that the structural complexity of phraseology is based on the cognitive aspect of its semantic structure. Conclusion. The analysis made it possible to identify the structural range of phraseological units and consider their transformative processes according to semantics and situational use. The study shows that the modification of phraseological structures and the introduction of new idiomatic phrases (derivatives of phraseological units and author’s idiomatic expressions) are due to linguistic and cultural needs in the expression of society. All analyzed modern phraseological units of the English language are considered as operational units of thinking of the present time and are a means of reflecting the linguistic picture as a whole. The linguistic picture of the world is a reflection of the external and internal world of a person, his thinking and speech. The modern phraseology of the English language reflects changes in human comprehension, understanding and interpretation of the outside world. The phraseological unit has a complex structure and belongs to a special linguistic category, which leads to an increase in the interest of cognitive research. Thus, the study of phraseology at this stage should be focused on the phraseological unit, its meaning and its usage. Keywords: cognitive phraseology, modern phraseological units, derivation of phraseological units, semantics and structure, modern vocabulary of the English language | 556 | |||||
6289 | Introduction. The topicality of the research is determined by a new communicative-activity approach to the analysis of a poetic text that is very relevant for modern linguistics in order to identify its regulatory potential in the work of one of the most famous poets of the Silver Age O. E. Mandelstam. In connection with the insufficient study of the evolution of the author’s poetic worldview, it is of particular interest to analyze the regulatory means and structures in his early lyrics that are significant for organizing a dialogue between the author and the addressee. The purpose of the article is the analysis of regulatory means and structures in the early work of O. E. Mandelstam with the material of the first album of the poet “Stone” (1913). An attempt has been made to systematize regulatory means and structures in the work of the author, to determine the main functions of these structures in poetic texts. Results and discussion. According to the results of the study, it was found that Mandelstam’s early work presents a wide range of regulatory means that help to actualize a particular image in the reader’s mind, performing an aesthetic function. The analysis procedure included the following steps: 1) identification of regulatory means and structures; 2) their systematization; 3) the study of their functions in the most characteristic poems for the author, relating to the early period in the work of Mandelstam from the album “Stone”; 4) conducting receptive experiments aimed at identifying the effects of the poetic word and determining its regulatory capabilities. Among the most frequently used by the author regulatory means, a metaphor and comparison should be singled out. Due to the fact that the poems included in the album “Stone” are often narrative, the poet uses syntactic constructions complicated by the adverbial participial phrases or participial phrases, lines of homogeneous members. Conclusion. Based on the results, it was concluded that Mandelstam’s poetic texts related to early work have a fairly high degree of influence on the reader due to the presence of bright and expressive lexical regulators in them. The results of the study will help in substantiation of the author’s individual style and his poetic worldview. Keywords: regulativity, theory of regulativity, regulatory means and structures, poetic worldview, O. E. Mandelstam | 553 | |||||
6290 | Introduction. The article presents the results of studying the problems of socialization of children in terms of additional education by means of art, the theoretical analysis of concepts «socialization», «cultural socialization» and basic components of the structure of these categories, in particular, «the system of individual values of personality», which determines the results of socialization of children as a socio-pedagogical phenomenon. The cultural specificity of socialization of children in terms of additional arts education, the psycho-pedagogical guidelines for the formation of individual values (directivity of value orientations, needs, motives of behavior and activity, etc.) in the sphere of additional education of children on the modern stage. Aim and objectives. To substantiate and concretize modern guidelines for socialization of children in additional education by means of art. Material and methods. The study used theoretical methods of interdisciplinary study of the process of socialization of a growing personality, its spiritual and cultural aspect, and analyzed current scientific research that reveals methodological guidelines that mediate the effectiveness of the results of the process of cultural socialization of children in modern conditions of additional art education. Methodological guidelines were personal, activity, complex, comparative approaches, theoretical analysis of scientific literature and classification, generalization of research results. Results and discussion. The process of socialization in scientific research is not only considered from the perspective of society, but from a position of identity that actualizes the role of personal and activity approach to the interaction between the child and the world of artistic culture. An important result of cultural socialization of children in additional education is the system of individual values as personal education (orientation of value orientations, needs and motives of activity). Set of interdisciplinary research (M. V. Boguslavsky, I. A. Pakhomov, V. V. Pavlovsky) allows us to highlight the features of the socialization process in modern conditions of functioning of institutions of additional education for children – the digital environment, changes in the content and methodological system of artistic additional education (the appearance of real on-line and off-line education), the teacher’s orientation to a personality-oriented model of interaction with children. Conclusion. Modern landmarks of the process of cultural socialization in secondary education by means of art (the interpenetration of ideas and methodological tools of personal and activity approaches and methods of digital pedagogy) contribute to the formation of individual values, personality artistic, aesthetic, creative direction, selfdevelopment and self-realization of a child in a constantly changing cultural environment, which is the main criterion of the efficiency and effectiveness of socialization process of growing personality. Keywords: socialization, cultural socialization, system of individual values of personality, additional art education of children | 553 | |||||
6291 | Introduction. The problem of the development of educational independence of children of primary school age is posed as the basic meta-subject competence, indicated in the educational standard. As the main way of developing educational independence, it is proposed to organize cooperation of different ages between students of the second and fourth grades. Aim. Description of the experience of conducting different-age lessons and presentation of the positive impact of different-age cooperation on the formation of educational independence. Material and methods. Analysis of literature sources in order to identify effective ways of different-age cooperation; development and testing of the stages of this technology; monitoring the activities of children in differentage groups; conducting and analyzing diagnostic work. Results and discussion. The pedagogical tasks that are realized by educational communication of children of different ages are highlighted. It is shown how it is possible to organize educational sessions of different ages on the topic «Phonetics», in which schoolchildren will communicate in a pair «second grader – fourth grader», completing tasks compiled for each other. There are three stages in the organization of such educational work: preparatory, at which interesting tasks are designed and drawn up; the main one, when children interact in a couple of different ages, and the reflexive one, where educational successes and difficulties are discussed together. The cycle of classes ends with a test on a topic with an educational content common to all children. Conclusion. The results of this work are given and the relationship between the subject results and the position in which the student’s academic independence was manifested is shown. It is concluded that the interaction of children of different ages, in which both the older and younger students have the opportunity to show their active (teaching) position, has a positive effect on internal motivation, communicative and regulatory actions, as well as on subject skills. Keywords: cooperation of different ages, educational independence, joint activity, subject and metasubject actions | 553 | |||||
6292 | Visual thought of a student is, in the most effective way, developed by portraiture studying. It is formed by the impressions about the model and the author’s imagination. Visual memory helps to master the impressions and is involved in converting them into the artistic image. It is essential that a student has a clear notion not only about the image, that is being created, but also about the way of the portraiture process itself. The main idea of a life class in art consists in student’s applying his acquired skills in the work with his original piece. The phenomenon that underlies in the painting from memory is a sensible and meaningful perception of the life itself. As in any image, composition is the main thing in portrait painting. Tackling an imaginative concept on the whole boils down to the completion of a portrait. Keywords: image, model, painting, nature, perception, memory, representation, portrait | 552 | |||||
6293 | Introduction. The author investigates the novel “The Demon” by Nikolai Filippovich Pavlov, whose name is little known to a wide range of modern readers. The purpose of the article is to analyze the main motives and images of the story about “the poor official”, which is based on one of the main subjects of Russian literature of the XIX century. Material and methods. The material of the study was the work included in the collection “New stories”, published in 1839. A comprehensive analysis of the text using cultural-historical and comparative-historical methods is undertaken. Results and discussion. The main techniques used by Pavlov to create motives and images are antithesis and contrast. In the system of characters of the story the central place is occupied by the image of St. Petersburg. “The giant of the North”, combining good and evil, appears as an independent character with a contradictory fantastic force that suppresses the will, changes the minds and destinies of people. Such a city is close to Dostoevsky’s Petersburg, who called it “the most fantastic” and “intentional”. The main character is an elderly, poor official, whose image is close to the characters of Dostoevsky (Makar Devushkin) and Gogol (Akaky Akakievich). Marrying a young beauty only increases dissatisfaction with life. The order of St. Anne, which the character dreams of, becomes a symbol of happiness and success. For the sake of this, he goes to a step contrary to morality and common sense-skillfully offers his wife as a lover to his boss. This idea comes to him as a “diabolical obsession” sent by St. Petersburg. A similar development of the storyline “official-wife” occurs in the story of A. P. Chekhov “Anna on the neck”. Similar are the reasons for the marriage of women, the ways chosen by their husbands to improve their situation, as well as the result of family and human relations of characters. Conclusion. In the disclosure of the theme of “the little man” Pavlov was the successor of the traditions of A. S. Pushkin and the predecessor of Gogol, Dostoevsky, Chekhov. The novel “The Demon” was a confirmation of the judgment that the works of writers “not the first magnitude” should not be forgotten. Keywords: romantic story, image, “little man”, St. Petersburg, plot, motive | 551 | |||||
6294 | Introduction. The following issues are discussed in this work: – approaches to the definition of the concept of “information culture”, the main directions for the formation of information culture among students of humanitarian higher educational institutions (universities) during the teaching of disciplines that form mathematical literacy and information culture among students (during the work of students in the following disciplines: “Informatics”, “Information Technologies in Economy”, “Information Technologies in Management”, “Mathematics”, “Mathematical Analysis”, “Probability Theory and Mathematical Statistics”, “Methods of Optimal Solutions”); – characteristics of the formation of information culture among future economists and managers (characterize the level of formation of competencies based on the results of studying the above disciplines); – tools for the formation of information culture of students of the Saint-Petersburg University of Humanities and Social Sciences (electronic courses in disciplines). Material and methods. The material of the research was electronic courses developed by teachers of the Department of Informatics and Mathematics of the St. Petersburg Humanitarian University of Trade Unions (SPbGUP). Educational materials are posted in the system of supporting the independent work of students of St. Petersburg State Unitary Enterprise at https://edu.gup.ru/. Results and discussion. The article considers the model of the electronic course in the discipline “Informatics” and the sequence of formation of 1 course of information culture among students. Conclusion. The paper describes the structure of the developed electronic course, as well as summarizes statistical data obtained from the results of checking student responses, prepared based on the results of completing tasks. In the future, it is planned to continue improving the structure of the electronic course, taking into account modern trends in the field of digitalization of education. Keywords: computer science, mathematics, methods of teaching computer science, methods of teaching mathematics, information culture, digitalization of education, distance learning | 551 | |||||
6295 | Introduction. Translation of scientific and technical literature is always connected with some difficulties associated with the grammar structure and terminological features. Technical translation must be carried out as accurately as possible, trying to convey the semantic meaning of the source in the best way. Stylistically this kind of translations should be logical and clearly stated. Material and methods. Each area of science is characterized by its own term system and microelectronics, being one of the fastest growing industries, in turn, undergoes constant updating of terminology. The dynamics of this industry global development has a significant impact on the formation of terms in microelectronics, which are characterized by a significant percentage of international words. The origin and approval of new terms is very dynamic compared to word formation in general vocabulary. The essence of the term included in special vocabulary is determined only by its content and is understandable to a narrow circle of specialists. It is generally accepted to subdivide terms into technical and general scientific ones. In some sources, common words are additionally separated from general scientific words. Being used in a specific field, general scientific terms often acquire a specific value specifically for this branch of science. Results and discussion. Consideration of some widespread examples of terms in the field of microelectronics allows us to conclude about their various meanings depending on the context, which must be taken into account, because the polysemy of the term can become an obstacle to the correct translation. In addition, the context will help to understand whether the word is used in a usual or special technical meaning, what is the specific meaning of a multi-valued term, and in the case of multicomponent context, it helps to omit uninformative components. The phenomenon of interference of terms from related fields to microelectronics is noted, which is associated with the rate of development of the industry, for which language tools often do not keep it. Special attention is paid to the use of metaphors as terms and the figurativeness of English terms in general is noted, in comparison with Russian ones, characterized by accuracy and laconism. A correct translation of a term is determined by its morphological structure, semantic features, types of terms, phrases, their structural features and specifics of use. From the morphological point of view, the most common at the moment are multicomponent phrases. Depending on the composition of the terms, phrases, they are divided into three types. For each type of phrase, specific examples are given. Conclusion. Consideration of the main issues of terminology in the field of microelectronics indicates that the composition of the terminology of a scientific text is characterized by the prevalence of commonly used words. Initially having several meanings, when used in a context, they acquire a specific meaning for a specific area. When considering morphological features, the superiority of terms-phrases is noted, in which, from a structural point of view, nouns and adjectives prevail as attribute elements. Keywords: scientific and technical texts style, term system, term, phrases, morphological features | 549 | |||||
6296 | Introduction. The article is devoted to the description of modern electronic resources as tools for toponymic research. Until recently, the use of GIS in geographical name research could not be called widespread. With the development of modern information technologies, toponymic research has acquired new features, characterized by new approaches to the collection and processing of geodata. The purpose of the article is to identify, analyze and describe modern electronic means for collecting and studying toponyms in order to further use such resources in various kinds of research. Material and methods. Toponymic sets have become a central component of GPS navigation systems and online maps, which are now widely used in scientific research. Mass informatization, the development of high-speed Internet, the accessibility of the acquisition and use of laptop computers and mobile devices, and improved computer literacy of the population cover most countries of the world, which is reflected in qualitatively new approaches to studying toponymic vocabulary. Results and discussion. The revolution of digital mapping and mobile applications allows ordinary citizens to contribute to the processing of toponymic material online. With the advent of electronic systems Google Maps, Apple Maps, Yandex.Maps, Bing Maps and the like, toponymic studies have acquired a new character. Any inquiry at the level of microtoponymy has become clearer and more detailed. The author explains the progress in the development of GIS systems, demonstrates how one can use tools such as online toponymic dictionaries, electronic maps, scientometric databases, the GeoNames geographic database and Google translator for conducting toponymic research. The advantages and disadvantages of modern sites and programs focused on research in the field of toponymy are indicated. Conclusions are drawn on the feasibility of attracting technical means to toponymic research in general. The author shows that online scientific discussions on platforms such as ResearchGate and Facebook lead to real interaction between scientists and help to make scientific thought deeper, clearer and brighter. Conclusion. Taking into account all kinds of errors due to the application of the modern technologies described, the author considers it necessary in some places to control in the form of reconciliation of data, for example, on the etymology of geographical names, etc. In general, the tools mentioned in the article are positioned as extremely useful for identifying, describing, studying, comprehensive analysis and systematization of toponymic material. Keywords: toponymy, research, electronic, dictionary, resource, database, Internet, GIS | 549 | |||||
6297 | Introduction. The relevance of the study is due to the need to study the features of the organization of the educational process in a modern technical university within the framework of the «third mission» of universities, the Fourth Industrial Revolution, the tasks of digitalizing the Russian economy, training the engineering elite of the future, it is impossible without researching the features of the organization of the educational process in a modern technical university. The article presents the features of the organization of the educational process in a modern technical university. The external factors of a global, all-Russian, regional and local (at the level of educational institutions) character are considered. The aim of the work is to identifying the key features of the organization of the educational process in a modern technical university, which have a significant impact in modern conditions. Research objectives: 1) identify the leading directions and development trends of modern universities; 2) systematize modern ideas about the peculiarities of the organization of the educational process in a modern technical university; 3) substantiate the requirements for applicants to modern technical universities. Material and methods. Theoretical – abstraction, analysis, specification, generalization; empirical – study and generalization of pedagogical experience, study of the products of activity, content analysis. Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the substantiation of the specific features of the modern educational process in a technical non-capital university, which most significantly affect it, in the context of increased expectations for the training of qualified personnel for the development of the Russian economy, as well as deficits and challenges, both global and domestic, including regional, agenda. The theoretical significance of the work is associated with identifying and describing the leading trends in the development of domestic universities in the focus of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, digitalization of the Russian economy, changes in the educational paradigm and global competition in the export of education and academic excellence. Keywords: university, educational process, the fourth industrial revolution, modernization of education, technical university | 549 | |||||
6298 | Introduction. The article focuses on the ways human beings conceptualize, structure and make sense of their physical and mental experience. Mental states of perception, imagination, belief, knowledge interact tightly with one another and this ontological nature is represented in the lexical semantics of the verbs see, imagine, believe, think, know. Thus, the main concern of the study is to highlight cognitive-semantic grounds of the semantic shifts of the imagine class verbs and to reveal syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic properties of the utterances arranged by these verbs. Material and methods. The research is based on the empirical data from available sources and corpora data. The research is conducted within the cognitive linguistics framework where a common view is that meaning has a cognitive nature. Results and discussion. The paper explores how lexical meanings get extended in a particular cognitive context. The findings of the study suggest that the verbs under consideration function as IMAGINERY VISION verbs and as epistemic verbs in the cognitive context BELIEF. The results obtained suggest that meanings of the imagine class verbs (supposition/evaluative judgment/wrong opinion) imply that related word “senses” may be part of a continuum of meanings rather than discrete entity. The research highlights polyphony as an important double-voiced dimension of the utterances with the imagine class verbs in the cognitive context BELIEF. Conclusion. The findings of the study prove that the meanings of the imagine class verbs occupy overlapping areas of semantic space. The results obtained may contribute to further studies of the word meaning theory. Keywords: mental state, proposition, propositional attitude, imagination, semantic derivation, evaluative judgment, supposition | 548 | |||||
6299 | Introduction. The article is devoted to the 75th anniversary of professor V. Ye. Golovchiner. Aim and objectives. The aim of the article is to determine the stages and directions of scientific and pedagogical activity of Professor V. Golovchiner. Material and methods. The research material (articles, reports, monographs) by V. E. Golovchiner and her students served as the material for the study. The systematization and description of the results of scientific activity was carried out in comparison with the leading concepts of Russian philology. Results and discussion. For the first time, her scientific heritage is examined as a whole; the principles are revealed by which the scientist was guided during the different periods of her scientific activity; the key ideas of her papers are selected: 1. the formation of an epic drama as a specific direction in Russian literary process of the 20th century caused by cultural-historical conditions and having two typological versions – metaphorical and metonymical – with characteristic features of poetics; 2. the specifics of an artwork is in many respects caused by ancestral features as each literary genre has its own expressive possibilities; 3. the natural change of a genre paradigm during the era of nonclassical poetics leads to that the initial genres give way to the author’s models of creativity which represent a new way to end of an artistic whole. The theoretical relevance of the research: V. Ye. Golovchiner’s scientific heritage is introduced into the historical scientific context; the directions of her scientific activity are studied; the heuristic potential of theoretical positions is analyzed and theses of the main papers are shortly characterized. The practical relevance of the research: the conclusions and results of the research can be used to develop work programs of subjects in different areas of philology, to develop the teaching materials, guide books on the history of Russian literary criticism. Conclusion. The author of the paper comes to conclusions that the scientific developments of the professor are not only conceptual in certain questions of the theory of literature, open interesting historical literary facts but also reflect general trends of a philology science, develop the achievements of Tomsk school of literary criticism studying Russian drama. Keywords: professor V. Ye. Golovchiner, review of scientific work, the history and theory of drama, literary criticism methodology | 548 | |||||
6300 | Introduction. The paper deals with Language for Special Purposes Vocabulary Course Modern Teaching Methods. It limelights the integrative course with the multichannel teaching aids’ presentation and lines out its organization principles. This program is based on the auditive educational lectures’ course, built exclusively on the educational material of authentic lectures’ extracts. Lectures’ glossaries as a pattern for revising the main pronunciation difficulties at the same time introduce the discipline subject index. Totally it results in forming the compact multipurpose course, involving the spheres of Phonetics/Accentuation/Rhythmics/ in the aggregate with Lexicon/Grammar/Logic/Composing/Rhetoric/Sounding &Written text Analysis/Speech Development. As soon as each lecture’s task typology is vast and is reproduced repeatedly, students gain the possibility to see every object diversely in its totality and contradictions. The purpose of this article is not only to describe the integratively introduced knowledge, but to present a system of methods for working with knowledge in the flow of such educational course. Material and methods. The principle research method is the comparative analysis of hypothetical and real ways of uniting the different purposes and aims of the functional Russian as a Foreign Language course in a solid program. Results and discussion. It turned out that the purposes and aims of forming competences, being different in their nature, are compatible in the integral whole in the educational course. Such course can be based on listening as a type of speech activity. And it’s the diverse kinds of mental activity (extracting information from different non-homogenous sources, presented on different vehicles, phenomenae’ comparison, emphasizing the main item, making whole of an odd set, general and concrete problems’ formulating, enumerating the problem aspects) that forms a certain mentality type. And it is vital not only for those, specialized in “Philology: Linguistics: Literature Studies”. Conclusion. An integrative educational course is an integral system, simultaneously involving students in several kinds of mental and speech activity. Multichannel teaching aids presentation forms the communicative competence rapidly. Hence such courses contribute to intensifying Russian as a Foreign Language educational process. Keywords: Russian as a foreign language, integrative course, multichannel teaching aids’ presentation, vocabulary teaching, language of the major “Philology” | 547 |