FAKE NEWS: CREATIVE DECISION OR FRAUD?
DOI: 10.23951/1609-624X-2018-2-14-18
The paper is devoted to the description of one of the phenomena of the modern media space, namely fake news. To denote the thing under study a lot of terms are used in different scientific paradigms: fake news, false news, mediamystification, information attack, media-fake. The term “fake news” is considered by the author to be the most appropriate one as it coincides with the genre aspect of the phenomenon under study, it reflects the dominant role of the fake news usage as the leading instrument of information and psychological warfare. The author gives the characteristics of the structural, linguistic, pragmatic and discursive peculiarities of the fake news. It is pointed out that to some extent fake news may be identical to newspaper hoax but the latter is mainly used in the framework of the paper-based mass-media whereas the Internet makes it necessary to create new terms for denoting newly emerged phenomena. The terms “fake news” and “newspaper hoax” also differ in the scale of their consequences: the latter might be quite harmless while the former might provoke cyberterrorism. The author gives some pieces of advice how to distinguish fake news from real messages in the modern mass-media discourse. The set of these rules might be helpful not only for ordinary readers but also for the journalists, i.e. for those who generate news.
Keywords: fake news, media space, axiological conflict, manipulation, information and psychological warfare
References:
1. Barinov D. N. Politicheskiy diskurs v sotsial’nykh media: spetsifika proizvodstva i faktory effektivnosti [Political discourse in social media: production specifics and efficience factors]. Politika i obshchestvo – Politics and society, 2016, no. 6 (138), pp. 755–764 (in Russian).
2. Kharitonov V. V. Transformatsiya media: fil’try v informatsionnoy arkhitekture [Media transformation: filters in information architecture]. Rossiya mezhdu modernizatsiey i arkhaizatsiey: 1917– 2017 gg.: materialy XX Vserossiyskoy nauch.-praktich. konf. Gumanit. un-ta, 11–12 aprelya 2017 g.: doklady. T. 1 [Russia between modernization and archaization: 1917-2017: materials of the XXth All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference of the Humanitarian University, April 11-12, 2017: Reports. V. 1]. Ekaterinburg, 2017. Pp. 312–314 (in Russian).
3. Sukhodolov A. P., Bychkova A. M. «Feykovye novosti» kak fenomen sovremennogo mediaprostranstva: ponyatiye, vidy, naznacheniye, mery protivodeystviya [“Fake news” as modern media-space phenomenon: notions, kinds, role, counteraction]. Voprosy teorii i praktiki zhurnalistiki – Theoretical and Practical Issues of Journalism, 2017, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 143–169 (in Russian).
4. Koretskaya O. V. Kontsept post-truth kak lingvisticheskoye yavleniye sovremennogo angloyazychnogo mediadiskursa [Post-truth concept as a linguistic phenomenon of the modern English media-discourse]. Filologicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki – Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, 2017, no. 7 (73): in 3 parts, part 3, pp. 136–138 (in Russian).
5. Koretskaya O. V. Feykovye novosti kak ob”ekt izucheniya medialingvistiki [Fake news as an object study of media-linguistics]. Filologicheskiye nauki. Voprosy teorii i praktiki. – Philological Sciences. Issues of Theory and Practice, 2017, no. 9 (75): in 2 parts, part 1, pp. 118–120 (in Russian).
6. Issers O. S. Mediafeyki: mezhdu pravdoy i mistifikatsiey [Mediafakes: between truth and mystification]. Kommunikativnye issledovaniya – Communication Studies, 2014, no. 2, pp. 112–123 (in Russian).
7. Issers O. S. Fenomen mediafeyka: ot parodii do obmana [Mediafake phenomenon: from mockery to deception]. Russkiy yazyk i literatura v prostranstve mirovoy kul’tury: materialy XIII Kongressa MAPRYaL (g. Granada, Ispaniya, 13–20 sentyabrya 2015 g.): v 15 tomakh: tom 13. Red. kol.: L. A. Verbitskaya, K. A. Rogova, T. I. Popova [Russian language and literature in the world culture space: materials of the 13th Congress of International Association of Teachers of Russian Language and Literature (Granada, Spain, September 13-20, 2015): in 15 volumes: vol. 13. Editorial staff: L. A. Verbitskaya, K. A. Rogova, T. I. Popova]. Saint Petersburg, 2015, Pp. 18–24 (in Russian).
8. Klein D. O., Wueller J. R. Fake News: A Legal Perspective. Journal of Internet Law (Apr. 2017). pp. 5–13.
9. Ershov Yu. M. Feykovye novosti kak parazit sotsial’nykh setey [Fake news as social net-works tic]. Professional’naya kul’tura zhurnalista tsifrovoy epokhi: materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem. Sost. O. F. Avtokhutdinova [Professional culture of a journalist of the digital age: materials of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with International Participation. Compiled by O. F. Avtokhutdinova]. Ekaterinburg, UrFU Publ., 2017. Pp. 37–39 (in Russian).
10. Primery publikatsiy, tirazhiruyushchikh nedostovernuyu informatsiyu o Rossii [Examples of publications parroting misleading information about Russia] (in Russian). URL: http://www.mid.ru/nedostovernie-publikacii (accessed 28 October 2017).
11. Facecheck. URL: https://fakecheck.rt.com (accessed 29 October 2017).
12. Avtsinova G. I. Tendentsii informatsionnoy voyny protiv Rossii [Tendencies of information warfare against Russia]. Obozrevatel’ – Reviewer, no. 7, 2011, рp. 37–49 (in Russian).
13. Koshkarova N. N., Ruzhentseva N. B. Protivoborstvo ili voyna: kak informatsiya v zapadnykh SMI sozdaet destruktsiyu diskursa [Confrontation or warfare: how information in the western mass-media creates discourse destruction]. Voprosy kognitivnoy lingvistiki – Issues of Cognitive Linguistics, 2016, no. 4 (49), pp. 129–134 (in Russian).
14. Tarran B. Why facts are not enough in the fight against fake news. Significance. V. 15. Issue 5. October 2017. pp. 6–7.
15. Beloedova A. V. O faktakh i faktoidakh v sovremennykh zhurnalistskikh tekstakh [About facts and factoids in modern journalist texts]. Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – Scientific Bulletin of Belgorod State University, 2015, no. 24 (221), pp. 89–94 (in Russian).
16. Prilukova E. G. Prinuzhdeniye, transliruemye obrazy i normy kak sotsial’no-psikhologicheskiye fenomeny vlasti v sovremennykh sredstvakh massovoy informatsii [The compulsion, translating images and regulations as socio-psychological phenomenon of power in the contemporary mass-media]. Vestnik Yuzhno-Ural’skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta – SUSU Bulletin, 2011, no. 42 (259), pp. 91–93 (in Russian).
17. Belyaev D. Razrukha v golovakh. Informatsionnaya voyna protiv Rossii [Head meltdown. Information war against Russia]. Saint Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2015, 256 p. (in Russian).
18. Morozova S. Kak raspoznavat’ feyk: posobiye dlya zhurnalistov i pol’zovateley sotssetey [How to distinguish the fake: guide for journalists and social net-works users] (in Russian). URL: https://adindex.ru/news/adyummy/2015/10/8/128695.phtml (accessed 27 October 2017).
( 356.11 kB ) 
( 348.75 kB )
Issue: 2, 2018
Series of issue: Issue 2
Rubric: TOPICAL ISSUES OF THE RUSSIAN STUDIES
Pages: 14 — 18
Downloads: 1148