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PEDAGOGICAL IDEAS OF F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY IN „A WRITER`S DIARY” (TO THE PROBLEM STATEMENT) // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2018. Issue 6 (195). P. 105-111

The article is devoted to the research of the system of Dostoyevsky’s pedagogical ideas realized in the text of “A Writer`s Diary”. As a statement of the problem, the writer’s pedagogical ideas are analyzed in the context of artistic, aesthetic, moral, philosophical and social problems which are comprehended in the monomagazine and have distinct focus to activization of a value position of the reader. The complex of the pedagogical ideas of Dostoyevsky in the context of insufficient study of “The diary of the writer” acquire the status of a current scientific and methodological problem, to the study of which the science of Dostoyevsky in a format of integral monologic research did not apply. In the system of pedagogical dominants of Dostoyevsky, the following are distinguished: family, public education (environment, school, teacher’s image) and spirituality. Considering a person as a spiritual-corporal creature, the writer shows the importance of creation of conditions of the personal value choice which should be provided by the concerned involvement of adults, creation of the “soil” in the form of family space, spiritual imperatives of the Russian culture and traditions of the Russian people. Education in Dostoyevsky’s concept represents dialogical process of spiritual communication of the persons-subjects, capable of understanding and acceptance, mutual moral perfection. The analysis of the pedagogical ideas of Dostoyevsky is also significant for the national educational policy not only in the field of teaching Russian and literature, but also for the practical solution of questions of spiritual and moral upbringing and education.

Keywords: F. M. Dostoyevsky, “A Writer`s Diary”, author, values, Orthodoxy, Russian culture, spiritual and moral education, moral, consciousness, childhood, “casual family”, dialogue, people, parents, teacher, subject, Strategy of development of education in the Ru

F. M. DOSTOYEVSKY AND L. N. TOLSTOY: EXPERIENCE OF THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PEDAGOGICAL IDEAS // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2019. Issue 6 (203). P. 28-37

Introduction. F. M. Dostoyevsky and L. N. Tolstoy’s views are often opposed to each other not so much owing to their multi-vector orientation how many on the religious and philosophical bases. But, in particular, their pedagogical views have more common ground, than it admits research works today, owing to lack of the reconstructed educational model belonging to F. M. Dostoyevsky. The purpose of the work is identification and analysis of the main dominants of pedagogical views of F. M. Dostoyevsky and L. N. Tolstoy by means of the comparative analysis. Material and methods. Among the methods of the study are: comparative, analytical-descriptive and biographical. Results and discussion. The conducted research allowed to reveal the fundamental idea of writers connected with the statement of the ideal and harmonious nature of the child, therefore, the paramount problem of education is represented not to destroy this personal kernel. Neither Dostoevsky nor Tolstoy perceives the formation of a personality structure as a self-sufficient and closed process. The internal potential of the child is realized through relationship with the outside world in situations of value choice which are shown at three levels: family, religion, society. The designated elements have different hierarchical interrelation in a pedagogical thought of writers. But the hierarchical structure which is based on these educational dominants is a fundamental element of an individual pedagogical system undergoing this personal reconsideration. Conclusion. Having carried out the comparative analysis of pedagogical concepts of education of Dostoyevsky and Tolstoy it is possible to note that views of writers, on the one hand, proceed from the principles of love, indisputable influence of “fathers” , belief in an ideal of terrestrial improvement of human nature, national values as indispensable condition for the formation of personality, and on the other hand, have the certain distinctions embodied in the forms of achievement of a pedagogical ideal, the unrepugnant child of natural harmony. The pedagogical ideas of two outstanding writers of the 19th century are a resource for the implementation of the content of education of the 2010s, in which, firstly, a person is proclaimed the supreme value; secondly, all principles and methods of education are aimed at the formation of a spiritual and moral personality by focusing on the activation of its creative activity, self-development, self-improvement; thirdly, the right of the child to individuality is recognized. This determines the practical significance of the article.

Keywords: F. M. Dostoyevsky, L. N. Tolstoy, A Writer`s Diary, Yasnaya Polyana, Confession, Way of Life, Inevitable Revolution, pedagogical ideas, personality, values, spiritual and moral education, parents, teacher, spirituality, morality, freedom, family, religion

VALUE POTENTIAL OF EXISTENTIAL DIALOGUE IN THE SYSTEM OF PEDAGOGICAL IDEAS OF F. M. DOSTOEVSKY (THE STUDY OF „A WRITER`S DIARY” AND EGO-DOCUMENTS 1863–1880) // Tomsk State Pedagogical University Bulletin. 2020. Issue 3 (209). P. 22-29

Introduction. Phenomenological discourse in literature is connected with methodological orientation on perception of literary work as a phenomenon of author’s reality and event in reader perception. Due to such dialogue biorientation, the literary text ceases to be understood as a closed object, reaching the level of existential communication between the author and the reader with the basis for value event. Which makes it possible to talk about the possibility of revealing the perceiving consciousness through a dialog search for one’s word and another’s word. Materials and methods. The study uses analytical, descriptive, axiological methods and a phenomenological approach. The material for the study is the chapter of “A Writer’s Dairy” by F. M. Dostoevsky “One of the Modern Fales” (1873), ego-documents: notebooks 1863–1864, letters to A. G. Kovner (1877), N. P. Peterson (1878) and E. F. Yunge (1880). Results and discussion. As part of the axiological analysis of the text, the category “author’s position” was identified as an “aesthetic coefficient” of the value orientation vector of the literary work. The “position of the author” is understood through the dialogical principle, drawn by M. M. Bakhtin as the first definition in the polyphonic structure of the works of F. M. Dostoevsky. The dialogue of the writer is an all-encompassing concept, with neither temporary nor simple borders. This was directly reflected in the idea, genre and composition of “A Writer’s Diary”. Other modality, based on the conjugation of the Self and the Other consciousness, is characterized by position-value variability. The existential consciousness of the writer manifests itself in a word having a dialogue orientation. Dialogue is an attributive characteristic of existential consciousness. Personal Self shows itself as an object and subject through the situation of analysis of the process of self-knowledge. Conclusion. The process of the reader discovering not just the spiritual and moral foundations of the author’s personality, but the very situation of their formation is important in the situation of the value orientation of the young generation. Through the dialogue with the consciousness of the perceiving subject, Dostoevsky opens the way for the reader to acquire his Self (both I-author and I-reader).

Keywords: dialogue, author, value analysis, Other, existential consciousness, F. M. Dostoevsky, “A Writer’s Dairy”